Chromosomal instability is a major characteristic of human cancer.The abnormality can result from defects in cell cycle regulation, including the spindle assembly checkpoint, which is a surveillance mechanism for accurate chromosome segregation through restraint of the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).DNA damageinduced by radiation challenges thegenetic integrity of cells, and DNAresponse (DDR) activates checkpoint pathways to trigger cell cycle arrest and allow the time for DNA repair beforeundertaking important events such as replication or mitosis.
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