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首页> 外文会议>10th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries Vol.2, 10th, Jun 19-21, 2001, Stockholm, Sweden >Chemical accident risks in U.S. industry - A preliminary analysis of accident risk data from U.S. hazardous chemical facilities
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Chemical accident risks in U.S. industry - A preliminary analysis of accident risk data from U.S. hazardous chemical facilities

机译：美国工业中的化学事故风险-来自美国危险化学设施的事故风险数据的初步分析

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摘要

In response to the chemical accident that occurred in Bhopal, India, in 1984, and a series of large chemical accidents in the United States in the late 1980s, the U.S. Congress passed a series of laws intended to minimize the likelihood and consequences of catastrophic chemical accidents. The most recently enacted of these laws created a new regulatory program called the Risk Management Program. This program, which took effect in June 1999, requires certain chemical facilities to implement chemical accident prevention and preparedness measures, and to submit summary reports to the government every five years. Approximately 15,000 facility reports have been received to date, and these contain significant information on each facility's accident history, accident prevention program, and the potential consequences of hypothetical accidental chemical releases. These data have been assembled into a searchable computerized database, called RMP~* Info. The full RMP~* Info database was originally intended to be available to the general public via the Internet, so that concerned citizens could use the information to influence local facilities to adopt safer practices, and to allow researchers to identify factors statistically associated with accident-prone or accident-free facility performance. However, the chemical industry and U.S. security agencies raised concerns that some of the data would allow terrorists to easily identify those facilities likely to cause the greatest harm to the public in the event of a release, and target those facilities for attack. These concerns prompted Congress to pass legislation in August 1999, that, along with subsequent federal regulations, currently restricts public access to portions of the RMP~* Info database. Therefore, as of this writing, the complete database is only accessible by a relatively few individuals at EPA headquarters, and, with the exception of one other preliminary study that considered only its non-restricted portions, it has not been subject to the robust statistical analysis that might lead to identifying accident indicators or causal factors. This paper proceeds in that direction by providing some basic descriptive statistics that characterize the database, including its restricted portions, within the limitations set by United States law.
机译：为了响应1984年在印度博帕尔发生的化学事故以及1980年代后期在美国发生的一系列大型化学事故，美国国会通过了一系列法律，旨在最大程度地减少灾难性化学事故的可能性和后果。事故。这些法律中最近颁布的法规创建了一个新的监管计划，称为风险管理计划。该计划于1999年6月生效，要求某些化学设施实施化学事故的预防和防范措施，并每五年向政府提交摘要报告。迄今为止，已收到约15,000份设施报告，其中包含有关每个设施的事故历史，事故预防程序以及假设的意外化学物质释放的潜在后果的重要信息。这些数据已组装到一个可搜索的计算机化数据库中，称为RMP〜* Info。完整的RMP〜*信息数据库最初旨在通过互联网向公众开放，以便相关公民可以使用该信息影响当地设施以采用更安全的做法，并允许研究人员确定与事故相关的统计因素，容易或无事故的设施性能。但是，化学工业和美国安全机构对某些数据将使恐怖分子轻易地识别出释放时可能对公众造成最大伤害的设施，并将这些设施作为攻击目标表示关切。这些担忧促使国会于1999年8月通过了立法，该立法以及随后的联邦法规目前限制了公众对RMP〜* Info数据库的访问。因此，在撰写本文时，只有EPA总部的相对少数几个人可以访问完整的数据库，并且，除另一项仅考虑其非限制性部分的初步研究之外，该数据库尚未接受过可靠的统计可能导致识别事故指标或因果关系的分析。本文通过在美国法律规定的限制范围内提供一些基本的描述性统计数据来表征数据库，包括其受限制的部分，从而朝着这个方向发展。

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