The deveopment of laboratory test protocols based on actual field measurement (Focused SImulation) is a cutting-edge technique for evaluating transport packaging. This project ws undertaken to quantify the physical distribution handing environment of Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipments worldwide. This paper presents LTL handling data measured in the United States, Durope and Australia. Electronic instruments reconded each significant handling event, and the data were analyzed to determine estimated package drop heights. Statistical analysisof the data was used to develop a family of package handliing test specifications based on hazard expousre levels. Actual measurement results, test development procedures and sample test protocols are presented in this paper.
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