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首页> 外文会议>2001 Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Remediation Conference and Exposition; Nov 14-16, 2001; Houston, Texas >Forensic Geochemistry - The Key to Accurate Site Characterization
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Forensic Geochemistry - The Key to Accurate Site Characterization

机译：法医地球化学-准确进行现场表征的关键

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摘要

The majority of environmental site investigations are conducted using a limited number of randomly placed boreholes and/or monitoring wells in an attempt to characterize the subsurface contamination. Although costs often dictate the approach and work plan executed during an investigation, the key to an accurate site characterization is the use of forensic geochemical techniques. A well formulated work plan including the use of forensic geochemical methods can accurately delineate subsurface contamination, and ultimately be more cost-effective. Surface geochemical techniques and high resolution capillary gas chromatography analyses can be used to map the locations, areal (horizontal) and vertical extents, and geometries of subsurface petroleum hydrocarbon contaminant plumes. Source areas, migration pathways and relative ages of products released on a site can also be determined. A case study is presented to demonstrate the value of various forensic geochemical techniques in the proper characterization of subsurface contamination. Previous environmental investigations conducted at a large refinery site, using randomly placed boreholes and monitoring wells, indicated a very large liquid crude oil contaminant plume along the south boundary of the facility. This plume was also projected to continue offsite into an adjacent residential area. When crude oil was discovered seeping into the adjacent bay, it was assumed the source was related to the south boundary plume. A surface geochemical soil vapor survey was initially conducted to delineate the areal extent of subsurface contaminant plumes on the facility. Over 3150 soil vapor samples were collected on a 30-meter (approximately 100-foot) grid encompassing 75% of the refinery. Soil vapor constituent (contoured) plume maps were constructed to determine the areal extent of different hydrocarbon compounds. Product type "signatures" were also determined using high resolution capillary gas chromatography (HRCGC) analyses performed on the soil vapor samples. High resolution soil vapor chromatorgrams showed several different petroleum products had been released on the refinery over a long period of time, and the contaminant plumes were discontinuous.
机译：大多数环境现场调查是使用有限数量的随机放置的钻孔和/或监控井进行的，以试图表征地下污染。尽管成本通常决定了调查过程中执行的方法和工作计划，但准确地进行现场表征的关键是使用法医地球化学技术。精心制定的工作计划（包括使用法医地球化学方法）可以准确地描述地下污染，最终更具成本效益。可以使用表面地球化学技术和高分辨率毛细管气相色谱分析来绘制地下石油碳氢化合物污染物羽流的位置，区域（水平）和垂直范围以及几何图形。还可以确定站点上发布的产品的来源区域，迁移途径和相对年龄。进行了案例研究，以证明各种法医地球化学技术在正确表征地下污染方面的价值。先前在大型炼油厂现场进行的环境调查（使用随机放置的钻孔和监测井）表明，沿该设施南边界的液体原油污染物羽流很大。还预计该烟流将继续在场外进入相邻的居民区。当发现原油渗入相邻海湾时，假定其来源与南边界羽流有关。最初进行了地面地球化学土壤蒸气调查，以描述设施中地下污染物羽流的面积范围。在覆盖75％精炼厂的30米（约100英尺）网格上收集了超过3150个土壤蒸汽样品。构建土壤蒸气成分（轮廓）羽状图，以确定不同烃类化合物的面积范围。还使用对土壤蒸气样品进行的高分辨率毛细管气相色谱（HRCGC）分析来确定产品类型的“特征”。高分辨率土壤气相色谱图显示，很长一段时间以来，炼油厂已释放出几种不同的石油产品，并且污染物羽流不连续。

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