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首页> 外文会议>SPE annual technical conference and exhibition;SPE 2002 >Gas/Condensate and Oil Well Testing - From the Surface
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Gas/Condensate and Oil Well Testing - From the Surface

机译：天然气/凝析油和油井测试-从地面

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Since Cullender and Smith(1), surface pressures have beenrnused to calculate bottomhole pressures on shallow, dry gasrnwells. If the original Cullender and Smith equations arernmodified to account for produced liquids, the correlation mayrnbe extended to gas/condensate wells that are single-phase inrnthe well bore. Single-phase liquid wells (water injectors andrnoil wells above the bubble point) can also yield accurate wellrntest results from the surface. Testing from the surface reducesrnthe cost and eliminates the risk of running tools into wellrnbores. Surface testing also allows the testing of highpressure/rnhigh-temperature wells that cannot be tested with arndownhole gauge because of harsh conditions. Thus, to reducernthe cost and risk (or when no other option is available), manyrnoperators have chosen to run their pressure transient tests fromrnthe surface on single-phase wells.rnRecently, it has become possible to test most naturallyunloadingrngas/condensate and oil wells from the surface. Thisrnis due to advances in multi-phase wellbore modeling alongrnwith improved pressure transducer quality. Of these, the mostrnimportant advances are the improvements in transducerrnmanufacture and calibration that make it possible for a surfacernpressure gauge to be effectively isolated from ambient andrnwellbore thermal transients. Although the technology exists tornget representative reservoir data from the surface, testingrnprocedures in multi-phase wells have to take into account thernfluid’s behavior in the well bore. With this in mind, thernpurpose of this paper is to propose guidelines for testing multiphasernwells from the surface. First, the general framework ofrnthe surface-to-bottomhole pressure calculation will bernpresented. Next, multi-phase wells will be categorized basedrnon the type of fluid and the behavior of the fluid both in thernreservoir and in the well bore. This categorization will be thernbasis for both surface testing candidate selection andrnrecommended test procedures. Afterwards, wellbore phasernand temperature modeling will be discussed. Next,rninstrumentation requirements will be presented. Finally, fieldrndata comparing calculated bottomhole pressures from surfacerngauges to measured bottomhole pressures from downholerngauges (and the subsequent analysis) will be presented forrnboth a gas/condensate and an oil well.rnThese examples will be used to demonstrate that in order torntest a multi-phase well from the surface, a thermallyrncompensated quartz pressure gauge must be used inrnconjunction with a properly designed and executed testrnprocedure. An explanation will also be provided as to why thernbest test that can be performed on a well to determine skin,rnpermeability and the size of a reservoir is a constant-chokerndrawdown.
机译：自Cullender和Smith（1）以来，已使用表面压力来计算浅，干燥气井上的井底压力。如果对原始的Cullender和Smith方程进行修正以解决产生的液体，则相关性可能会扩展到单相进入井筒的气/凝析油井。单相液体井（注水口和气泡点以上的冰霜井）也可以从地面获得准确的测井结果。从地面进行测试可降低成本，并消除了将工具运入井筒的风险。表面测试还可以测试由于恶劣条件而无法使用arndown孔规进行测试的高压/高温井。因此，为降低成本和风险（或在没有其他选择时），许多钻探人员已选择在单相井的地面上进行压力瞬变测试。表面。这是由于多相井眼建模的进步以及压力传感器质量的提高。其中，最重要的进步是换能器制造和校准的改进，使表面压力计可以有效地与环境和井筒热瞬变隔离。尽管该技术可以从地表获取代表性的储层数据，但在多相井中测试程序必须考虑井筒中流体的行为。考虑到这一点，本文的目的是提出从表面测试多相井的准则。首先，将介绍地表到井底压力计算的一般框架。接下来，将根据储层和井筒中的流体类型和流体行为对多相井进行分类。这种分类将成为选择表面测试和推荐测试程序的基础。之后，将讨论井眼相位和温度模拟。接下来，将提出仪器要求。最后，将提供天然气/凝析油和油井的现场数据，这些数据将计算出的地表压力计的井底压力与测井仪的测得的井底压力（以及随后的分析结果）进行比较。从表面上看，必须结合使用经过适当设计和执行的测试程序的热补偿石英压力表。还将提供一个解释，说明为什么在井上进行的最理想的测试来确定表皮，渗透率和储层的大小会不断降低。

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