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首页> 外文会议>SPE annual technical conference and exhibition;SPE 2002 >Calibrating Coal Bed Methane Fracture Geometry in the Helper Utah Field Using Treatment Well Tiltmeters
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Calibrating Coal Bed Methane Fracture Geometry in the Helper Utah Field Using Treatment Well Tiltmeters

机译：使用处理井倾角仪校准犹他助手场中煤层甲烷断裂的几何形状

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摘要

Hydraulic fracturing is often necessary for commercialrnproduction of natural gas from coal beds. In recent years,rnmuch effort has been spent in the area of completion design,rnfluid chemistry, proppant selection and job procedures in anrneffort to optimize our understanding of stimulation behavior inrncoal bed environments. Coal bed gas is an emerging andrnimportant resource: over the ten-year period from 1990 torn2000, the number of wells producing coalbed gas in the U.S.rnLower 48 has increased from 2,982 to 13,985 and annualrnproduction from these wells increased from 195 Bcf to 1352rnBcf (more than 7% of U.S. dry gas production).rnThe standard industry practice for the past 5 years in thernHelper Utah Field has been to stimulate coals in multiplernstages in order to ensure that all zones were adequatelyrnstimulated. Even though many indicators and models impliedrn“uncontrolled” fracture height growth, there is still muchrndiscussion on whether or not height coverage is lost to arnhorizontal “slippage” component. The usefulness of threedimensionalrnhydraulic fracture simulators to model and predictrnfracture geometry in coal-beds has been restricted by a generalrnlack of knowledge about fracture growth and dimensions inrnthese unconventional reservoirs.rnThere is also an historical paradigm about some coalsrnbeing natural height “barriers”. Additionally, uncertaintyrnexists concerning the impact on fracture height growth duernto the numerous lithologic changes found over the grossrnpay interval.rnThe Helper Field contains multiple sand and shalernsequences between coal beds so multi-staging has been thernonly way to ensure complete coverage of the gross interval.rnSeveral technologies have been applied, some routinely, in anrnattempt to better understand fracture geometry in coals:rnincluding fiber optic temperature logging, radioactive tracers,rndipole sonic logs, pump-in fall-off tests, and tiltmeter fracturernmapping. The logging measurements normally measure rockrnor fracture properties only very near the borehole, while thernfar-field mapping techniques are sometimes hampered by lackrnof offset monitor well locations close enough to properlyrnimage the fracture.rnToday, tiltmeter instruments are available which canrnmeasure fracture height and width in real-time from within therntreatment well itself, eliminating the need for a nearby monitorrnwell. This technology was applied on fracture treatments inrnthe Ferron Coals in the Helper Field near Price, Utah and thernmeasured fracture geometry results were then fed back into arn3-D fracture simulator which integrated measured geometriesrnalong with net pressure and other treatment parameters tornbuild a calibrated fracture model honoring all real-data andrnrealistically reflecting the fracture behavior in this reservoir.rnThe results clearly indicate that adequate height is beingrncreated to cover large pay sections through a single, smallrnperforated interval. This reduces stimulation and completionrncosts as compared to the multi-stage technique. Additionally,rnthe limited interval perforating technique minimizes thernnumber of fractures and reduces fracture complexity.rnMeasured fracture geometry and the procedures used torncalibrate the fracture simulator will be presented along withrnresults of how these fracture treatments were optimized.
机译：水力压裂对于从煤层中商业生产天然气通常是必需的。近年来，人们一直在完成设计，流体化学，支撑剂选择和工作程序方面进行了大量的工作，以优化我们对煤层环境下的增产行为的理解。煤层气是一种新兴且重要的资源：在1990年至2000年的十年中，美国生产煤层气的油井数量从48降低到2,982到13,985，这些井的年产量从195 Bcf增加到1352rnBcf（更多）超过美国干气产量的7％）。过去5年，Helper犹他州油田的标准行业惯例是分多个阶段进行增产，以确保对所有区域进行充分地增产。即使许多指标和模型都暗示了“不受控制的”裂缝高度增长，但仍然存在很多关于高度覆盖是否因水平“滑移”分量而丧失的讨论。三维水力压裂模拟器对煤层裂缝几何形状进行建模和预测的实用性受到普遍缺乏这类非常规储层裂缝增长和尺寸知识的限制。对于某些煤层具有自然高度“屏障”也存在历史范式。此外，由于在总付费区间内发现了众多的岩性变化，因此对裂缝高度增长的影响存在不确定性。助手场在煤层之间包含多个砂岩和页岩序列，因此多阶段化是确保完全覆盖总区间的唯一方法。为了更好地理解煤层的裂缝几何形状，人们经常采用一些常规技术，包括光纤温度测井，放射性示踪剂，偶极子声波测井，抽水降落试验和倾斜仪裂缝测绘。测井测量通常仅在井眼附近测量岩石裂缝特性，而远场测绘技术有时会受到足够不足以适当地对裂缝进行成像的欠缺偏移监测井位置的阻碍。如今，已有倾斜仪可以实际测量裂缝的高度和宽度。无需在附近的监测井进行实时处理。这项技术被应用于犹他州普莱斯附近的菲尔铁煤公司的裂缝处理中，然后将测得的裂缝几何结果反馈到arn3-D裂缝模拟器中，该模拟器将测得的几何形状与净压力和其他处理参数集成在一起，从而建立了校准的裂缝模型所有结果均真实地反映了该油藏的裂缝行为。结果清楚地表明，正在通过一个小的小射孔间隔创造足够的高度，以覆盖大的产油层。与多阶段技术相比，这减少了刺激和完井成本。此外，有限间隔射孔技术可最大程度地减少裂缝，并降低裂缝复杂性。将介绍测量的裂缝几何形状以及用于校准裂缝模拟器的程序，以及如何优化这些裂缝处理方法的结果。

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