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首页> 外文会议>SPE annual technical conference and exhibition;SPE 2002 >Waterflood and Production-Induced Stress Changes Dramatically Affect Hydraulic Fracture Behavior in Lost Hills Infill Wells
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Waterflood and Production-Induced Stress Changes Dramatically Affect Hydraulic Fracture Behavior in Lost Hills Infill Wells

机译：注水和生产引起的应力变化显着影响失落的小山填充井的水力压裂行为

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Water injection and reservoir fluid production result inrnporoelastic stress changes that can dramatically alter therncreated fracture geometry on infill wells. This basicrnconclusion is not new. It has been documented in manyrndifferent environments, and is supported by theoreticalrnmodeling. However, this paper presents for the first time arnlarge data-set of 76 fracture treatments in a concentrated arearnthat not only shows stress reorientation, but also shows howrnfracture reorientation depends critically on the pattern ofrninjectors and producers and their interaction. This knowledgerncan be used to improve recovery in water injection projectsrnthat depend on closely spaced fractured wells.rnData is presented from 76 fracture stages in 16 infill wellsrncompleted within a one-year period in Chevron’s Lost Hillsrndiatomite waterflood. Surface tiltmeter fracture mappingrndetermined the fracture orientation (azimuth and dip) of therninduced fractures, consisting of a vertical fracture componentrnand a secondary sub-horizontal fracture component. Thisrndataset clearly shows that the interaction between injectorsrn(located in a line along preferred fracture azimuth) andrnproducers results in a large-scale stress perturbation,rnproducing a “room-and-pillar” stress structure. Both thernfracture azimuth and the degree of secondary sub-horizontalrnfracturing are controlled by the location of infill wells withrnrespect to nearby injector wells. Infill wells “inline” withrninjector wells yield fractures that grow close to the initialrnpreferred fracture orientation. In contrast, infill wells that arern“offset” from the line of injector wells yield highly variablernfracture azimuths (often rotating towards injector wells) andrngreatly increased secondary sub-horizontal fracturing – both ofrnwhich raise the risk of “short-circuiting” waterflood sweep.rnThe data is presented and phenomenologically explained. Arngeomechanical model explains the observed stress changes,rnallowing predictive modeling of various infill-drillingrnscenarios in waterfloods to optimize recovery.rnFor a number of project treatments, downhole tiltmeterrnfracture mapping was also used to evaluate fracturerndimensions, and fracture pressure analysis was performed tornlink tilt observations with treatment pressure behavior.rnPoroelastic effects have resulted in increased stressrnmagnitudes in some layers and decreased stress in others,rnimpacting the created fracture dimensions (height, length, andrnwidth). A summary of the mapped fracture dimensions andrnpressure analysis findings is presented together with a briefrndiscussion of the poroelastic impacts on fracture geometry.
机译：注水和储层流体生产导致孔隙弹性应力变化，从而可以显着改变填充井上的裂缝几何形状。这个基本结论并不新鲜。它已经在许多不同的环境中得到了证明，并得到了理论模型的支持。但是，本文首次展示了一个集中区域中的76处压裂处理的大量数据集，这些数据集不仅显示了应力重新定向，而且还显示了裂缝重新定向的方式主要取决于注入器和生产商的模式及其相互作用。这些知识可用于提高依赖紧密间隔的压裂井的注水项目的采收率。提供的数据来自雪佛龙公司Lost Hillsrn硅藻土注水系统一年内完成的16口填充井的76个压裂阶段。表面倾斜仪裂缝图确定了诱导裂缝的裂缝方向（方位角和倾角），包括垂直裂缝分量和次水平次裂缝分量。该数据集清楚地表明，注入器（沿优选的裂缝方位线排列）和生产者之间的相互作用会导致大规模的应力扰动，从而产生“房柱式”应力结构。裂缝的方位角和次水平次裂缝的程度都由填充井的位置来控制，相对于附近的注入井而言。注入井“在线”注入井产生的裂缝向最初的首选裂缝方向靠近。相比之下，从注入井线“偏移”下来的填充井产生高度可变的裂隙方位角（通常朝注入井旋转），并大大增加了次水平次生裂缝，这两种情况都增加了“注水”短路的风险。呈现数据并从现象学上解释。 Arngemechanical模型解释了观察到的应力变化，允许对注水钻井液中的各种情景进行预测模型以优化采收率。rn对于许多项目处理，还使用了井下倾斜仪rnfracture map来评估裂缝尺寸，并进行了裂缝压力分析，从而将倾斜观察与处理进行了trnlink孔隙弹性效应导致某些层的应力幅值增加，而另一些层的应力降低，从而影响所产生的裂缝尺寸（高度，长度和宽度）。概述了绘制的裂缝尺寸和压力分析结果，并简要讨论了孔隙弹性对裂缝几何形状的影响。

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