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Tsunami activity under Group on Earth Observation

机译：地球观测小组下的海啸活动

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The ad hoc Group on Earth Observation (GEO) established as their first working group, the WG on Tsunami Activities at EOS-3 (Earth Observation Summit-3) in February 2005 in Brussels. This topic was identified as the case exercise for GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). The Terms of Reference for the Working Group are to facilitate the coordination of international programmes on disaster prevention and mitigation, develop a multi-hazard multi-purpose approach to early warning and crisis management, promote the interoperability and compatibility of warning and mitigation systems through the development of standards and protocols, facilitate the development of high-level commitments to warning and mitigation systems, and support and help ensure durability of capacity building related to infrastructure and people training and education in all countries. Meeting in Perth, Geneva, Rome, and Paris in the year since its formation, the Working Group has determined which tasks are being addressed by existing efforts and which require GEO action. Regional meetings for the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and northeastern Atlantic including Europe have been held. A hazard map exists for the Mediterranean Sea but it is not yet at a sufficiently high resolution to determine local hazards and has not yet been combined with population densities to produce a risk map. This serves as an example of what must be done in the coastal regions of the world. To generate such a hazard map, bathymetric data from 20 to 30 meters depth to the shore and coastal topography inland must be obtained, across political borders where required. Seismic detection already well implemented in parts of the world must be integrated in real time through data networks to earthquake centers at high-bandwidth. Interchange of data requires communications standards that are still to be defined in some parts of the seismic data network. The set of seven deep-sea pressure sensors, six of which are insta- led in the Pacific, are being increased in number to 39 over the next three years to extend coverage to the Caribbean, South Pacific and Atlantic. These detect the passage of a tsunami and acoustically relay the pressure deviation information to a nearby surface buoy where it is telemetered to a satellite for relay to the International Tsunami Information Center (ITIC). From the ITIC, alerts will be distributed to member nations' tsunami centers by a system yet to be defined. Presently warnings for the Indian Ocean are distributed by NOAA's Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the Japanese Meteorological Agency. The local distribution of alerts is complex and no single scheme has been adopted or is appropriate. In the U.S., Emergency Alert System (EAS) warnings go to radio and TV stations and to NOAA Weather Radio. Acoustic sirens, telephones and other systems are also used as warnings. Possibilities for using the GPS Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) navigational correction system from unused channel capacity on geosynchronous satellites is an attractive possibility. Even automatic triggering of alarms on cell phones is possible, offering a system that is widespread in those parts of the world that have limited ground line connectivity and a use that in receive mode does not even require that cell towers remain standing and powered. GEO, as a ministerial body, recommends to the nations represented that systems be adopted and standards accepted. GEO seeks to coordinate warning and mitigation efforts across nations, institutions, and agencies within nations.
机译：地球观测问题特设小组（GEO）于2005年2月在布鲁塞尔成立了EOS-3海啸活动工作组（地球观测峰会3）作为其第一个工作组。该主题被确定为GEOSS（全球地球观测系统系统）的案例练习。工作组的职权范围旨在促进国际防灾减灾计划的协调，制定预警和危机管理的多灾种多用途方法，通过以下方式促进预警和减灾系统的互操作性和兼容性：制定标准和协议，促进对预警和缓解系统的高层承诺的发展，并支持和帮助确保与各国基础设施，人员培训和教育有关的能力建设的持久性。自成立以来的一年中，工作组在珀斯，日内瓦，罗马和巴黎举行了会议，工作组确定了现有工作正在解决哪些任务，哪些需要GEO采取行动。已经举行了印度洋，地中海和包括欧洲在内的东北大西洋的区域会议。地中海存在一个危害图，但其分辨率尚不足以确定当地危害，并且尚未与人口密度结合生成危害图。这是世界沿海地区必须做的事的一个例子。要生成这样的危险图，必须获取跨过政治边界的海岸和内陆沿海地区内陆20至30米深度的测深数据。在世界各地已经很好实施的地震检测必须通过数据网络实时集成到高带宽的地震中心。数据交换需要在地震数据网络的某些部分中仍需定义的通信标准。在未来三年中，将由七个深海压力传感器组成，其中六个已在太平洋地区安装，其数量将增加到39个，以将覆盖范围扩展到加勒比海，南太平洋和大西洋。它们检测海啸的通过并将压力偏差信息以声音的方式传递到附近的浮标，然后在浮标上遥测到卫星，以将其传递到国际海啸信息中心（ITIC）。 ITIC将通过尚未定义的系统将警报分发给成员国的海啸中心。目前，NOAA的太平洋海啸预警中心和日本气象厅已经发布了针对印度洋的预警。警报的本地分发很复杂，没有采用或合适的方案。在美国，紧急警报系统（EAS）警告会发送到广播和电视台以及NOAA天气广播。声音警报器，电话和其他系统也用作警告。从地球同步卫星上未使用的信道容量中使用基于GPS卫星的增强系统（SBAS）导航校正系统的可能性极具吸引力。甚至可以在手机上自动触发警报，从而提供了一种在地线连接受限的世界各地广泛使用的系统，并且该系统在接收模式下的使用甚至不需要保持基站的状态并为其供电。作为部长级机构，GEO向代表各国建议采用制度并接受标准。 GEO致力于协调国家，机构和国家内机构之间的警告和缓解措施。

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