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首页> 外文会议>2011 Membrane technology conference amp; exposition. >Modeling Scale Formation and Optimizing Scale Inhibitor Dosages in Membrane Systems
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Modeling Scale Formation and Optimizing Scale Inhibitor Dosages in Membrane Systems

机译：膜系统中水垢形成的建模和阻垢剂剂量的优化

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Water chemistry design and treatment software currently in use for membrane systemsrnis not adequate for the rigors of high recovery systems in many cases due to reliancernupon simple indices for scale prediction, inhibitor selection, and inhibitor dosagernestimation. Simple indices use total analytical values for calculating the driving forcernfor scale formation and do not account for common ion effects and ion association.rnTheir applicability is limited to lower TDS systems. This paper discusses thernapplication of an industry standard ion association model calculation engine tornpredicting scale in membrane systems and optimizing control. The ion associationrnmodel engine calculates the most likely distribution of species for a brine, and uses thernfree ion concentrations to calculate the driving force for scale for minerals such asrncalcite, gypsum, barite, celestite, and silica. Calcium phosphate based scales can also bernmodeled using this method.rnModels for optimizing scale inhibitor dosages, are also described, including thernparameters critical to developing an effective dosage modulation model for scalerninhibitors from laboratory data, field data, or a combination of both. The paper drawsrnupon the concept of induction time as a basis for the mathematical models used torndevelop predictive models from actual data. The models are based upon the concept thatrnthreshold effect inhibitors do not prevent scale formation, they only delay the inevitable.rnThe models are in agreement with current theories and practice and treat scale inhibitorsrnas agents which extend the induction time before crystal formation and/or growth onrnexisting active sites occurs in the case of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, andrnbarium sulfate; and as dispersants which control particle size in the case of calciumrnphosphate and silica. Models presented are for commercially available inhibitors andrnhave been used successfully to select treatments and optimize dosages in reversernosmosis systems, cooling water, and oil field applications.
机译：膜系统目前使用的水化学设计和处理软件在许多情况下由于对规模预测，抑制剂选择和抑制剂剂量评估的简单要求而无法满足高回收率系统的严格要求。简单指数使用总分析值来计算形成水垢的驱动力，而不考虑常见的离子效应和离子缔合。它们的适用性仅限于较低的TDS系统。本文讨论了工业标准离子缔合模型计算引擎在膜系统规模预测和优化控制中的应用。离子缔合模型引擎计算盐水中最可能的物种分布，并使用游离离子浓度来计算方解石，石膏，重晶石，天青石和二氧化硅等矿物质的水垢驱动力。还可以使用此方法对基于磷酸钙的水垢进行建模。还描述了用于优化水垢抑制剂剂量的模型，包括对根据实验室数据，现场数据或两者结合为水垢抑制剂开发有效剂量调节模型至关重要的参数。本文采用归纳时间的概念作为用于从实际数据中发展预测模型的数学模型的基础。该模型基于阈值抑制剂不能阻止水垢形成的概念，它们只是延缓了不可避免的现象。该模型与当前的理论和实践相符，并治疗水垢抑制剂rnas agent延长了晶体形成和/或不存在之前的诱导时间。在碳酸钙，硫酸钙和硫酸钡的情况下，存在活性位点；在磷酸钙和二氧化硅的情况下，作为控制粒径的分散剂。提出的模型是针对可商购的抑制剂的，并且已成功用于逆反渗透系统，冷却水和油田应用的治疗选择和优化剂量。

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