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首页> 外文会议>2011 water quality technology conference amp; exposition: An Oasis of Ideas for a Changing Environment. >FORMATION OF NDMA BY CHLORAMINATION OF NITROGENOUS CONTAMINANTS: POTENTIAL ROLE OF BROMIDE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN
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FORMATION OF NDMA BY CHLORAMINATION OF NITROGENOUS CONTAMINANTS: POTENTIAL ROLE OF BROMIDE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN

机译：氮污染物的氯化形成NDMA：溴化物和溶解氧的潜在作用

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Disinfection with monochloramine is known to significantly reduce the formation of regulated disinfection by-products (i.e. trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids) as compared to chlorination. Moreover, monochloramine can be added to wastewater prior to reuse processes to avoid biofouling of membranes. However, chloramination favors the formation of N-nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen. Proposed NDMA formation mechanisms used dimethylamine as a model precursor, but some anthropogenic tertiary amines presenting dimethylamine functional groups have been demonstrated to lead to important amounts of NDMA (e.g. ranitidine, a histamine antagonist used for peptic ulcer treatment). In this study, NDMA formation potential of several tertiary amines from the reaction with monochloramine is investigated. Compounds presenting heterocyclic rings substituted with DMA functions (e.g. ranitidine) show much higher conversion rates to NDMA than other tertiary amines or DMA. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was found to play a major role: with ranitidine, in the absence of dissolved oxygen almost no NDMA was formed, while the NDMA molar yield was 54% in saturated O2 solution. The presence of bromide also significantly enhanced the formation of NDMA during chloramination of dimethylamine and dimethylaminomethyl-furfuryl alcohol. This may be related to the formation of reactive brominated oxidants such as bromochloramine (NHBrCl). These results are of great concern regarding wastewater reuse, because the chloramination of bromide-containing wastewaters could lead to significant amounts of NDMA.
机译：与氯化相比，已知用一氯胺消毒可显着减少调节消毒副产物（即三卤代甲烷和卤代乙酸）的形成。此外，可以在重复使用工艺之前将一氯胺添加到废水中，以避免膜的生物污染。但是，氯化作用有利于形成N-亚硝胺，包括可能的人类致癌物N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）。提议的NDMA形成机理使用二甲胺作为模型前体，但已证明一些具有二甲胺官能团的人为叔胺会导致大量NDMA（例如雷尼替丁，一种用于消化性溃疡治疗的组胺拮抗剂）。在这项研究中，研究了与一氯胺反应生成的几种叔胺的NDMA形成潜力。具有被DMA功能取代的杂环的化合物（例如雷尼替丁）与其他叔胺或DMA相比，向NDMA的转化率更高。发现溶解氧的浓度起主要作用：对于雷尼替丁，在不存在溶解氧的情况下几乎没有形成NDMA，而在饱和O2溶液中NDMA的摩尔产率为54％。溴化物的存在还显着增强了二甲胺和二甲基氨基甲基糠醇的氯化过程中NDMA的形成。这可能与反应性溴化氧化剂（如溴氯胺（NHBrCl））的形成有关。这些结果与废水回用非常相关，因为含溴化物废水的氯化会导致大量的NDMA。

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