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首页> 外文会议>2011 water quality technology conference amp; exposition: An Oasis of Ideas for a Changing Environment. >Connecting the Dots: Can Climate Change Influence Algal Blooms that Lead to Disinfection By-Product Formation in Your Drinking Water?
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Connecting the Dots: Can Climate Change Influence Algal Blooms that Lead to Disinfection By-Product Formation in Your Drinking Water?

机译：连接点：气候变化是否会影响藻类繁殖，从而导致饮用水中产生消毒副产物？

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In 2006, the City of Cleveland Division of Water (CWD) detected episodic high spikes inrnthe five regulated halo-acetic acids (HAA5) concentrations in the treated water from theirrnfour water treatment plants (WTPs). Total tri-halomethane (TTHM) concentrations didrnnot similarly increase. CWD typically experiences low TTHM and HAA5 concentrationsrnof less than 40 and 30 ug/L, respectively, in their distribution system sampling locationsrnfrom the months of June to October. However, in 2006, discrete HAA5 concentrationsrnwere greater than 100 μg/L.rnIn response to the high HAA5 spikes in 2006, CWD evaluated their water quality andrnWTP and distribution system operations to identify any potential changes that may haverncaused the increase in HAA5 concentrations. No water quality or operational changesrnthat could have caused the increase in HAA5 concentrations were identified. As a resultrnof the initial investigations, it is hypothesized that increases in HAA5 concentrations arerndue to changes in the character of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) that may not bernobservable by measuring organic carbon concentrations and UV254 alone.rnMeasurements taken by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)rnhave demonstrated an increase in Lake Erie water temperatures, a decrease in winter icernformation, and an increase in size and frequency of an anoxic zone that forms at thernbottom of Lake Erie during summer. This increase in the anoxic zone may cause changesrnin algal growth and population, and a subsequent change in the organic carbon characterrnreleased from the algae. In 2006, the Lake Erie region had an unusually warm winterrnfollowed by a subsequent warm summer and a huge algal bloom consisting of blue-greenrnalgae (cyanobacteria) species.rnWater Research Foundation (WaterRF) project # 4302 is a tailored collaboration projectrnwith the goal of better understanding the relationship between Lake Erie source water andrnthe formation of HAA5. The objectives of this research project are to: a) demonstrate thernrelationship between ice coverage on Lake Erie and the algal population dynamics, b)rndevelop the relationship between the algal population and the DOM character and c)rnrelate the DOM character to DBP formation.rnThe technical approach of this project includes characterizing DOM and algaernpopulations in Lake Erie over a 21 month project period. Throughout the duration of thisrnproject, untreated water samples are being collected weekly from Lake Erie and analyzedrnfor algae, DOM, and DBP formation analysis. As part of this project, several newrnanalytical methods are being developed for better characterization of algal species andrnalgae-generated extracellular organic matter including FlowCAM? - a state-of-the-artrninstrument for real-time imaging and particle counting in a water sample.
机译：2006年，克利夫兰市水务局（CWD）在其四个水处理厂（WTP）的处理水中检测到五个调节的卤代乙酸（HAA5）浓度时，出现了偶发性高尖峰。总三卤甲烷（TTHM）浓度没有类似地增加。从6月到10月，CWD通常在其分配系统采样地点经历的TTHM和HAA5低浓度分别低于40和30 ug / L。但是，在2006年，离散的HAA5浓度大于100μg/ L。为响应2006年高水平的HAA5峰值，CWD评估了它们的水质以及WTP和分配系统的运行情况，以确定可能引起HAA5浓度增加的任何潜在变化。没有发现可能引起HAA5浓度增加的水质或运行变化。作为初步研究的结果，假设HAA5浓度的增加是由于溶解有机物（DOM）的特性变化所致，而仅通过测量有机碳浓度和UV254可能无法观察到该变化。rn美国国家海洋和大气局进行的测量政府部门（NOAA）已证明伊利湖水温升高，冬季冰层形成减少以及夏季伊利湖底部形成的缺氧区的大小和频率增加。缺氧区的这种增加可能引起藻类生长和种群的变化，以及随后从藻类释放的有机碳特征的变化。 2006年，伊利湖地区冬季异常温暖，随后又是一个温暖的夏天，随后出现了由蓝绿色藻类组成的巨大藻类繁殖。水研究基金会（WaterRF）项目4302是一个量身定制的合作项目，其目标是更好了解伊利湖水源水与HAA5形成之间的关系。该研究项目的目的是：a）证明伊利湖上的冰覆盖与藻类种群动态之间的关系; b）开发藻类种群与DOM特征之间的关系; c）将DOM特征与DBP形成相关。该项目的技术方法包括在21个月的项目期间表征伊利湖中的DOM和藻类种群。在该项目的整个过程中，每周都要从伊利湖收集未经处理的水样，并进行藻类，DOM和DBP形成分析。作为该项目的一部分，正在开发几种新的分析方法，以更好地表征藻类和藻类产生的细胞外有机物，包括FlowCAM?。 -用于对水样进行实时成像和颗粒计数的最先进的仪器。

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