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首页> 外文会议>2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management >Combining Geo-Information Technology and Empirical Knowledge to Improve Natural Disaster Early Warning and Monitoring Systems in Brazil
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Combining Geo-Information Technology and Empirical Knowledge to Improve Natural Disaster Early Warning and Monitoring Systems in Brazil

机译：结合地理信息技术和经验知识来改善巴西的自然灾害预警和监测系统

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Population growth in urban areas drives people vulnerability to natural disasters, especially in emergent economies like Brazil. The existing automatic pluviometric network is insufficient to provide enough information to monitor and prevent deaths due to landslides and floods in 821 municipalities defined as priority ones in the Brazilian National Plan of Risk Management and Response to Natural Disasters, implemented in 2012. Therefore, aiming to support early warning and monitoring systems and make available near-real time rain data, the National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters (Cemaden) has carried out an integrative institutional project to acquire and identify optimal places to install 1400 automatic pluviometers in risk areas of landslides and/or floods, already mapped in more than 350 Brazilian municipalities where existing network is scarce. Using geo-information techniques, the methodology included a deficit analysis to estimate the needed number of pluviometers per municipality. These estimates were used in a cooperative action between Cemaden and institutions at state and municipality levels, especially municipality governments and their civil defenses. A number of technical meetings and fieldwork training were done in 14 from the 27 Brazilian Federal Units in several municipalities to promote the project. Cemaden developed a dedicated web database where the institutions' representatives were able to supply detailed information of suitable sites to install pluviometers inside or nearby risk areas, based on their empirical knowledge of local characteristics. The results so far are very promising as 1, 500 locations have been filled since March 2013, and around 600 were chosen as optimal installation sites using spatial analysis. As the pluviometers installations take place, we expect a significant improvement on the efficiency and confidence of early warnings of landslides and floods as well as more commitment of local government- and communities to respond to warnings.
机译：城市地区的人口增长使人们容易遭受自然灾害的影响，尤其是在像巴西这样的新兴经济体中。现有的自动测雨量网络不足以提供足够的信息来监视和预防在2012年实施的《巴西国家风险管理和自然灾害应对计划》中定义为优先级的821个城市的滑坡和洪灾死亡。因此，旨在国家自然灾害预警和监测中心（Cemaden）为预警和监测系统提供支持，并提供了近实时的雨水数据，已开展了一项综合机构项目，以获取并确定在危险区域安装1400台自动辐射计的最佳位置。的滑坡和/或洪水，已经在350多个巴西城市中绘制了地图，这些城市现有网络不多。使用地理信息技术，该方法包括缺陷分析，以估计每个城市所需的辐射计数量。这些估算用于Cemaden与州和市级机构，尤其是市政府及其民防部门之间的合作行动。在几个城市的27个巴西联邦单位中，进行了14次技术会议和现场培训，以促进该项目的发展。塞玛登开发了一个专用的网络数据库，机构的代表能够根据他们对当地特征的经验知识，提供合适地点的详细信息，以便在危险区域内或附近安装辐射计。自2013年3月以来，已有1,500个位置被填补，到目前为止的结果是非常有希望的，并且使用空间分析选择了约600个作为最佳安装位置。随着重力计的安装，我们期望滑坡和洪水预警的效率和置信度将得到显着提高，地方政府和社区将对预警做出更大的承诺。

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