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首页> 外文会议>2014 water quality technology conference : The premier conference for water quality professionals around the world >NDERSTANDING BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION, CHLORINE/CHLORAMINE RESIDUALS ANALYTICAL METHODS IN HIGH pH WATERS
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NDERSTANDING BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION, CHLORINE/CHLORAMINE RESIDUALS ANALYTICAL METHODS IN HIGH pH WATERS

机译：理解高pH水中的临界点氯化，氯/氯碱残留量和分析方法

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In natural waters containing ammonia, disinfection often requires breakpoint chlorination tornestablish a free chlorine residual. The breakpoint curve plots chlorine residual with changingrnchlorine to ammonia ratios. The breakpoint is the dose of chlorine which is required to consumernor overcome any ammonia present in the water, and begin to establish residual free chlorine,rnwhich is required to meet disinfection requirements. In waters with elevated pH, however, thernreactions between chlorine species are altered, and breakpoint chlorination chemistry is morerndifficult to predict. In addition, some methods of measuring free chlorine residual are subject torninterferences from chloramines, and understanding when a “true” free chlorine residual isrnestablished is critical to effective disinfection.rnTwo different treated waters were studied in the laboratory, with breakpoint curves conductedrnat varying pH targets (pH 9.0 – pH 10). Chlorine residuals were speciated to measure totalrnresidual chlorine, free chlorine, monochloramine, dichloramine, trichloramine, andrnorganochloramines. The data was plotted to observe the change in chloramine speciation withrnvarying chlorine doses and chlorine to ammonia ratios.rnIn addition, four different methods were used to monitor the free chlorine residual:rn1. Amperometric Titration (SM 4500-Cl D) – Phenylarsine oxide titration w/electrodern2. DPD Method (SM 4500-Cl G) – Colorimetric N,N,-diethyl-p-phenylenediaminern3. Indophenol Method (HACH 10171) – Cyanoferrate catalyst & substituted phenolrn4. FACTS Method (SM 4500-Cl H) – Free Available Chlorine Test utilizing syringaldazinernThe different methods for measuring free chlorine residual were compared via statisticalrnevaluation to determine the variation between the different methods.rnIn distribution systems with elevated pH, breakpoint curves are often atypical, with changedrndistribution in chloramine species. Gaining an understanding of these chemical interactions isrncritical for designing and optimizing disinfection processes.
机译：在含有氨水的天然水中，消毒通常需要进行断点氯化，以撕裂残留的游离氯。断点曲线绘制了氯残留与氨比变化的氯残留量。断点是消耗或克服水中任何氨并开始建立残留的游离氯所需的氯剂量，这是满足消毒要求所必需的。但是，在pH值升高的水中，氯物种之间的反应会发生变化，并且断点氯化化学反应很难预测。此外，一些测量游离氯残留物的方法会受到氯胺的干扰，并且了解何时建立“真正的”游离氯残留物对于有效消毒至关重要。rn在实验室研究了两种不同的处理水，在不同的pH值目标下产生了断点曲线（pH 9.0 – pH 10）。用氯残留物测定总残留氯，游离氯，一氯胺，二氯胺，三氯胺和有机氯胺的含量。绘制数据以观察氯胺形态随氯剂量和氯氨比率的变化。rn此外，使用四种不同方法监测游离氯残留量：rn1。安培滴定法（SM 4500-Cl D）–氧化ar砷滴定w / electrodern2。 DPD方法（SM 4500-Cl G）–比色N，N，-二乙基-对苯二胺3。吲哚酚法（HACH 10171）–氰基高铁酸盐催化剂和取代的酚4 FACTS方法（SM 4500-Cl H）–使用丁香醛嗪的免费氯测试通过统计学评估比较了测量游离氯残留量的不同方法，以确定不同方法之间的差异。在pH升高的分配系统中，断点曲线通常是不典型的，改变了氯胺物种的分布。对这些化学相互作用的理解对于设计和优化消毒过程至关重要。

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