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首页> 外文会议>The 22nd International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management(ICSW 2007) >Comparing Policies on Computer Waste in Europe and Canada for Sustainability
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Comparing Policies on Computer Waste in Europe and Canada for Sustainability

机译：欧洲和加拿大的计算机废物可持续性政策比较

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Product stewardship and extended producer responsibility (EPR) are two policies in use, with radically different results for sustainability when compared for computers. In North America, product stewardship policies have been enacted that fail to require producers to take physical or financial responsibility for recycling or for environmentally sound disposal. Conversely, Europe's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive requires producers to collect and manage their own post-consumer waste products, extending their product responsibility to the grave. The recycling rate target of 75% in the European Union WEEE directive for computers are more than five times that of the voluntary EPR occurring in North America with a ban on computers in landfills. Voluntary take-back in North America has only resulted in 14% recycling, with most e-waste going to landfills or incinerators. For example, Manitoba, Canada does not currently ban computers from landfill or have end-of-life programs or recycling facilities to deal with e-waste, although it could develop programs within its product stewardship framework. Furthermore, under the WEEE's Regulation of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) lead, mercury and other toxic chemicals are not allowed in new computers, which will prevent pollution along the product chain, including at the landfill, factory, and recycling facility. In contrast product stewardship does not regulate toxic use or emissions in design or at end-of-life and few jurisdictions in North America ban e-waste from landfills. Given international trends and the current situation, the United States and Canada will need to consider EPR and other regulation, for which WEEE is an excellent model to learn from.
机译：产品监管和生产者扩展责任制（EPR）是使用的两个策略，与计算机相比，其可持续性结果截然不同。在北美，已经制定了产品管理政策，该政策没有要求生产商对回收或对环境无害的处置承担物理或财务责任。相反，欧洲的废弃电子电气设备（WEEE）指令要求生产者收集和管理自己的消费后废弃产品，从而将产品责任延伸到坟墓。欧盟WEEE指令中针对计算机的75％的回收率目标是北美自愿性EPR的五倍以上，而北美禁止垃圾填埋场中的计算机。北美的自愿回收仅导致14％的回收利用，大部分电子废物流向垃圾填埋场或焚化炉。例如，加拿大曼尼托巴省目前不禁止计算机进入垃圾填埋场，也没有报废计划或回收设施来处理电子垃圾，尽管它可以在其产品管理框架内制定计划。此外，根据WEEE有害物质法规（RoHS），新计算机中禁止使用铅，汞和其他有毒化学物质，以防止整个产品链（包括垃圾填埋场，工厂和回收设施）受到污染。相比之下，产品监管不规范设计或使用寿命终止时的有毒使用或排放，并且北美很少有司法管辖区禁止将电子废物从垃圾填埋场中丢弃。考虑到国际趋势和当前形势，美国和加拿大将需要考虑EPR和其他法规，而WEEE是一个很好的学习模式。

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