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首页> 外文会议>28th WEDC Conference on Sustainable Environmental Sanitation and Water Services; 2002; Kolkata (Calcutta), India >Non-timber forestry products on marginal lands
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Non-timber forestry products on marginal lands

机译：边缘土地上的非木材林业产品

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The interest in domestication of non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has built up over recent decades in watershed conservation and economic development of rural people (Arnold and Manuel, 1998). Several varieties of wild and domesticated NTFP fulfill subsistence requirements of thousands of hill tribes and other ethnic groups in economically and physically isolated watershed areas in Nepal (Subedi, 1997). Each year Nepal exports about 10,000 to 15,000 tones of NTFPs, comprising of 100 species, to India (Edwards, 1996). Annual sales of a single herbal processing company of Nepal during 1999/2000 was worth about 34.8 million Rupees (Herbal Processing Company, 2000). In the middle hills of Nepal where nearly 55% of people have less than adequate food (CBS, 1996), NTFP domestication can play a significant role. This problem of food scarcity is likely to aggravate in the future, as the current average land holding size of 0.75 hectare continues to shrink due to population growth and scarce non-farming employment opportunities (Pandit, 1999). Besides out-migration, encroachment of forest, wherever opportunity exists, and land use intensification have been alternative strategies adopted by mountain people to fulfill their subsistence requirements. Despite farmers' land management practices, the cereal-based land use system, requiring regular hoeing and harrowing of land has led to accelerated soil erosion on hill slopes (Thapa and Weber, 1995; Paudel, 2001). Further intensification of the current land use system combined with encroachment of forest would certainly accelerate the pace of environmental degradation, eventually threatening the sustainability of the mountain livelihood system. This will inflict a severe impact particularly on the hill tribes who are poorest of the poor among the poor mountain people. The increasing demand for NTFPs and environmental suitability for their production in the mountains offers a viable alternative opportunity for addressing poverty and watershed degradation problems in the hills.
机译：近几十年来，人们对流域保护和农村人民的经济发展产生了对非木材林产品（NTFP）驯化的兴趣（Arnold and Manuel，1998）。尼泊尔野生和驯化的NTFP的几种变种满足了尼泊尔经济上和物理上孤立的分水岭地区成千上万的山地部落和其他种族的生存要求（Subedi，1997）。尼泊尔每年向印度出口约10,000至15,000吨NTFP（包括100种树种）（Edwards，1996年）。尼泊尔的一家草药加工公司在1999/2000年的年销售额约为3480万卢比（Herbal Processing Company，2000）。在尼泊尔的中山地区，近55％的人的食物不足（CBS，1996），NTFP的驯化可以发挥重要作用。由于人口增长和稀缺的非农业就业机会，目前的0.75公顷的平均土地持有量继续缩小，这种粮食短缺的问题将来可能会加剧。（Pandit，1999）。除了外出迁移外，只要有机会，森林就会被侵占，土地利用集约化已经成为山区人民满足其生存需求的替代策略。尽管有农民的土地管理习惯，基于谷物的土地使用系统要求定期regular地和耙松土地，导致山坡上的土壤侵蚀加速（Thapa和Weber，1995； Paudel，2001）。当前土地使用系统的进一步集约化与森林的入侵肯定会加速环境退化的步伐，最终威胁到山区生计系统的可持续性。这将对山区部落造成严重影响，这些山区部落是贫困山区人民中最贫困的山区。对NTFPs的需求不断增加以及山区生产对环境的适应性为解决山区贫困和流域退化问题提供了一个可行的替代机会。

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