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首页> 外文会议>30th International Conference on Radar Meteorology, Jul 19-24, 2001, Munich, Germany >MAPR MEASUREMENTS OF SNOWFALL DURING ISPA-2001
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MAPR MEASUREMENTS OF SNOWFALL DURING ISPA-2001

机译：ISPA-2001期间的平均通气量测量

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摘要

In February 2001 the Desert Research Institute (DRI) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) collected cloud and snow measurements, and background meteorological fields in the Inhibition of Snowfall by Pollution Aerosol 2001 (ISPA-2001) experiment. The data from ISPA-2001 and a planned experiment next year (ISPA-2002) will be used to investigate a relationship between snowfall rate and aerosol-induced changes in the cloud droplet size distribution (Borys et al. 2000). ISPA-2001 took place at the DRI Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) atop Mt. Werner (3210 m MSL) in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, with the NCAR measurements below the peak at approximately 2100 m MSL and 6.5 km in the predominantly upwind direction. SPL collected in situ measurements of cloud droplet size distribution, precipitation rate, and ice water content. Also, video images were recorded to identify ice crystal sizes, habits, and rimed mass fractions, and cloud water was collected for later chemical and isotopic characterization. NCAR operated an Integrated Sounding System (ISS) about 1100 m below the Storm Peak Laboratory. The ISS included the MAPR spaced antenna wind profiler, GPS rawinsondes, and surface measurements including two snow gauges. MAPR provided background wind profiles to identify possible source directions for the aerosols. It also recorded full Doppler spectra of precipitation fall speed, and the power, mean fallspeed, and width of these spectra. The MAPR data will be used to identify riming heights, and to investigate remote sensing of snow crystal size distributions. The presence of in situ data from SPL for comparison is a rare opportunity to test profiler measurements of size distributions. In this paper, we present an initial comparison of two snowfall events which have contrasting snow growth processes. February 15 is a case where clouds were shallow, and growth was primarily by diffusion. On February 19, clouds were deeper, and it appears that crystals from a higher clouds seeded lower orographic clouds containing supercooled liquid water (SLW). The crystals falling from the upper cloud would grow by riming as they fall through the SLW, adding to the measured snowfall rate at the surface.
机译：2001年2月，沙漠研究所（DRI）和美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）收集了云和雪的测量值，以及2001年污染气溶胶抑制降雪（ISPA-2001）实验中的背景气象场。 ISPA-2001和计划中的明年实验（ISPA-2002）的数据将用于研究降雪率与气溶胶引起的云滴尺寸分布变化之间的关系（Borys等，2000）。 ISPA-2001在山顶的DRI风暴峰实验室（SPL）举行。位于科罗拉多州斯廷博特斯普林斯的Werner（3210 m MSL），NCAR的测量值在大约2100 m MSL和6.5 km的主要逆风方向上低于峰值。 SPL收集了云滴大小分布，降水速率和冰水含量的原位测量结果。此外，还记录了视频图像，以识别冰晶的大小，习惯和边缘质量分数，并收集云水用于以后的化学和同位素表征。 NCAR在风暴峰实验室下方约1100 m处运行了一个综合测深系统（ISS）。国际空间站包括MAPR间隔的天线风廓线仪，GPS原始探空仪和包括两个雪表的表面测量。 MAPR提供了背景风廓线，以识别气溶胶的可能来源方向。它还记录了降水下降速度的完整多普勒频谱，以及这些频谱的功率，平均下降速度和宽度。 MAPR数据将用于识别边缘高度，并调查雪晶尺寸分布的遥感。来自SPL的用于比较的原位数据的存在是测试Profiler尺寸分布测量值的难得机会。在本文中，我们提出了两个降雪事件的初步比较，这两个事件具有相反的积雪过程。 2月15日是云层很浅且增长主要是通过扩散的情况。 2月19日，云层更深，看来来自较高云层的晶体播种了含有过冷液态水（SLW）的较低地形云层。从上层云落下的晶体在穿过SLW时会通过边沿生长，从而增加了地面的降雪率。

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