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首页> 外文会议>3rd International EMF Seminar in China: Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects; Oct 13-17, 2003; Guilin, China >APPLICATION OF PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE TO EMf
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APPLICATION OF PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE TO EMf

机译：预防原则在电动势中的应用

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The Precautionary Principle "We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology." This observation by Carl Sagan helps explain why scientific and technical innovations can be both welcomed and feared, often by the same people; and why the pace of technological change, like a roller-coaster ride, can generate excitement and fear in equal measure. Indeed there have been few technical developments so benign as not to be accompanied by some risk. By passing laws and promoting cautionary advice society tries to minimize these risks, while still enjoying the benefits. In making this risk-benefit trade-off society is guided by its culture, its traditions, its experience and its scientists. This arrangement works well when there has been time for experience to accumulate and scientists are trusted. When, however, the risk is a new one, where its impact cannot be gauged, and where trust in science has declined, we enter the province of the Precautionary Principle. The Precautionary Principle is intended to prevent or limit the possible harm caused by agents or activities before it has been established that the activity or exposure constitutes a harm to health. As threats to human health and the environment become more complex, uncertain, and global in their nature and while recognising that injudicious measures could lead to disruptions to trade and other unanticipated costs, the value of adopting the Precautionary Principle as a risk management tool in providing guidance in this environment is under active debate. Possible health effects arising from exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been the subject of research for many years, but without definitive scientific resolution. At radio frequencies (RF), the rapid growth of new technologies such as mobile wireless telecommunications has raised concerns that exposure to fields from mobile phones and base stations could have long-term health consequences. Given the widespread exposure of the general public and of workers to ELF and RF fields, these regions of the non-ionizing frequency spectrum as candidates for application of the Precautionary Principle. The two key questions are: 1. Should the Precautionary Principle be applied to ELF and/or RF fields? 2. If so, how do we decide what actions should be taken? WHO/EC/NIEHS organized a workshop that brought together scientists, engineers, lawyers, health professionals and concerned citizens with knowledge of the Precautionary Principle to contribute perspectives from health, government, academia, environmental advocacy groups and industry. The European Commission text, published in 2000, was been used as one of the key starting points for this Working Group report on the application of the Precautionary Principle.
机译：预防原则“我们生活在一个非常依赖科学和技术的社会中，几乎没有人对科学和技术有任何了解。”卡尔·萨根（Carl Sagan）的观察结果有助于解释为什么科技创新经常受到同一个人的欢迎和恐惧。以及为什么技术变革的步伐（如过山车）会在同等程度上引起兴奋和恐惧。确实，几乎没有什么技术发展使它不会伴随某些风险地良性发展。通过通过法律和提倡警示性建议，社会试图将这些风险降到最低，同时仍然享受其收益。在使这种风险与利益之间取得平衡时，社会必须以其文化，传统，经验和科学家为指导。当有足够的经验积累并且受到科学家的信任时，这种安排会很好用。但是，如果风险是新风险，无法评估其影响并且对科学的信任下降，那么我们进入“预防原则”。预防原则旨在在确定活动或接触危害健康之前，防止或限制由活动剂或活动引起的可能伤害。随着对人类健康和环境的威胁变得更加复杂，不确定性和全球性，并且认识到不道德的措施可能会导致贸易和其他意外成本的中断，因此采用预防原则作为风险管理工具的价值在于在这种环境下的指导正在积极辩论中。暴露于极低频（ELF）电磁场（EMF）可能引起的健康影响一直是研究的主题，但尚无确定的科学解决方案。在射频（RF）上，诸如移动无线电信之类的新技术的迅速发展引起了人们的担忧，即移动电话和基站暴露于野外会带来长期的健康后果。鉴于公众和工人广泛接触ELF和RF领域，因此，非电离频谱的这些区域可作为适用预防原则的候选对象。两个关键问题是：1.预防原则是否应适用于ELF和/或RF领域？ 2.如果是这样，我们如何决定应采取什么行动？ WHO / EC / NIEHS组织了一个讲习班，召集了了解预防原则的科学家，工程师，律师，卫生专业人员和有关公民，为卫生，政府，学术界，环境倡导团体和行业提供了观点。 2000年出版的欧洲委员会案文被用作本工作组关于预防原则适用情况报告的主要出发点之一。

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