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首页> 外文会议>45th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory >Managing performance and efficiency of a processor
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Managing performance and efficiency of a processor

机译：管理处理器的性能和效率

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The performance of a processor generally means how fast it can execute a task. For a given architecture we can measure the size of a task as the number of clock cycles it will take to execute. Then clock frequency (f) will determine the execution time. Normally, the frequency can be raised if the supply voltage Vdd is increased. This, however, increases the power and energy used. We introduce a new measure, cycle efficiency (η) as cycles per joule that gives the rate of computational work per unit energy. Similar to f, η is also a function of Vdd. We provide a method of characterizing a processor in terms of its f and η versus Vdd characteristics. Intel Pentium M processor with an assumed 90nm CMOS PTM (predictive technology model) is used as an example. For a demonstration of performance and energy management, we consider a program that executes in 1.8 billion clock cycles. At the nominal operating supply of 1.2V we have f = 1.8GHz and η = 15 megacycles/joule. The program executes in 1 second and uses 120 joules. For operation at 0.6V, f = 277MHz and η = 70 megacycles/joule, resulting in a run time of 6.5 seconds and consumption of 25 joules. We also find a subthreshold voltage extreme of 200mV, f = 54.5MHz and η = 660 megacycles/joule. Now the program will take 33 seconds but will consume only 2.27 joules. Thus, using cycle efficiency and clock frequency one can manage the time and energy performances according to the requirements of a computing task.
机译：处理器的性能通常意味着它可以执行任务的速度。对于给定的体系结构，我们可以衡量任务的大小以及执行该任务所需的时钟周期数。然后时钟频率（f）将确定执行时间。通常，如果增加电源电压V dd ，则可以提高频率。然而，这增加了使用的功率和能量。我们引入了一种新的度量，即循环效率（η）作为每焦耳的周期，它给出了每单位能量的计算工作速率。类似于f，η也是V dd 的函数。我们提供了一种根据f和η对V dd 特性表征处理器的方法。以具有假定的90nm CMOS PTM（预测技术模型）的Intel Pentium M处理器为例。为了演示性能和能源管理，我们考虑一个以18亿个时钟周期执行的程序。在1.2V的额定工作电源下，我们有f = 1.8GHz和η= 15兆周期/焦耳。该程序在1秒钟内执行并使用120焦耳。对于以0.6V的电压运行，f = 277MHz和η= 70兆周期/焦耳，导致运行时间为6.5秒，功耗为25焦耳。我们还发现亚阈值电压极限为200mV，f = 54.5MHz，η= 660兆周/焦耳。现在，该程序将花费33秒，但仅消耗2.27焦耳。因此，使用循环效率和时钟频率可以根据计算任务的要求管理时间和能量性能。

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