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首页> 外文会议>47th International Industrial Engineering Conference and Exposition May 19-22, 1996 Hyatt Regency Minneapolis, Minnesota >The effect of automation on trends in regonomics RD
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The effect of automation on trends in regonomics RD

机译：自动化对人机工程学研发趋势的影响

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摘要

The theme of this paper is the impact of increasing automation (i.e., computerization) on ergonomics research and development (R&D) in the 21st century (Meister, in press). In the past increasing mechanization aided the operator (O) to perform tasks but without significantly changing the nature of those tasks. The advent of the computer has, however, transformed O from someone who physically controls system operations to someone who monitors a system physically controlled by the computer. O monitors to ensure that the system performs to specified tolerances and, if these are exceeded, diagnoses the difficulty and remedies the malfunction. In the course of performing these tasks O's functions change from largely physical and perceptual-motor to perceptual-analytic, interpretive and decision making (DM), all of which heavily emphasize cognitive activity. Examples of the changed human role can be found in process control industries like nuclear power plants (NPP, Meister 1995), in chemical plants, telecommunications, and commercial airline operations (the so-called "glass cockpit"). Highly automated systems like airliners may be operated in various modes (Sarter & woods, 1995) and them O becomes a decision maker and a selector of the mode.
机译：本文的主题是21世纪人体工学研究与开发（R＆D）的自动化程度的提高（即计算机化）（Meister，印刷中）。过去，越来越多的机械化帮助操作员（O）执行任务，但没有显着改变这些任务的性质。但是，计算机的出现使O从物理上控制系统操作的人转变为监视由计算机上物理控制的系统的人。 O进行监视以确保系统执行指定的公差，如果超出指定的公差，则诊断故障并纠正故障。在执行这些任务的过程中，O的功能从身体和感知运动转变为感知分析，解释和决策（DM），所有这些都着重强调认知活动。改变人类角色的例子可以在过程控制行业中找到，例如核电厂（NPP，Meister，1995年），化工厂，电信和商业航空公司运营（所谓的“玻璃驾驶舱”）。像客机这样的高度自动化的系统可能以各种模式运行（Sarter＆woods，1995），它们成为决策者和模式选择者。

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