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首页> 外文会议>52nd Annual International Appliance Technical Conference, 52nd, Mar 26-28, 2001, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. >The Impact of Blowing Agents on Residential Water Heater Performance
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The Impact of Blowing Agents on Residential Water Heater Performance

机译：发泡剂对住宅热水器性能的影响

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摘要

The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (NAECA) requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to consider amendments to the energy conservation standards to increase energy efficiency in residential water heaters. A driving force affecting efficiency is the ozone-depletion regulation regarding blowing agents for insulation in all water heater fuel types. This paper presents results of cost and efficiency impacts of three potential blowing agents. Residential water heaters are typically insulated with polyurethane foam in the space between the tank and the jacket. Currently, water heater manufacturers use HCFC-141b, an ozone-depleting substance, as a blowing agent. After 2003, as a result of the Montreal Protocol (1993), manufacturers must use blowing agents that do not deplete the ozone layer. The analysis presented in this paper considers three replacement candidates, HFC-245fa, HFC-134a, and cyclopentane by comparing their efficiency and cost effectiveness when applied to water heater insulation. This analysis used computer simulation models and other analytical methods to investigate the efficiency improvements due to different design options, when alternative blowing agents are applied. The calculations were based on the DOE test procedure for residential water heaters. The analysis used average manufacturer, retailer, and installer costs to calculate the total consumer costs. Consumer operating expenses were calculated based on modeled energy consumption under test procedure conditions and U.S. average energy prices. With this information, a cost-efficiency relationship was developed to show the average manufacturer and consumer cost to achieve increased efficiency.
机译：1987年的《国家家用电器节能法》（NAECA）要求美国能源部（DOE）考虑修订节能标准，以提高家用热水器的能效。影响效率的驱动力是有关所有热水器燃料类型中用于绝缘的发泡剂的臭氧消耗规定。本文介绍了三种潜在发泡剂对成本和效率的影响。住宅热水器通常在水箱和水套之间的空间中用聚氨酯泡沫绝缘。当前，热水器制造商使用消耗臭氧层物质HCFC-141b作为发泡剂。根据《蒙特利尔议定书》（1993年），2003年之后，制造商必须使用不会消耗臭氧层的发泡剂。本文所进行的分析通过比较三种替代候选者HFC-245fa，HFC-134a和环戊烷的效率和成本效益，考虑了它们在热水器保温系统中的使用效率和成本效益。当使用替代发泡剂时，此分析使用计算机仿真模型和其他分析方法来研究由于不同设计选项而导致的效率提高。该计算基于住宅热水器的DOE测试程序。该分析使用制造商，零售商和安装商的平均成本来计算总消费者成本。消费者运营费用是根据测试程序条件下的模拟能耗和美国平均能源价格计算得出的。利用这些信息，开发了成本效率关系，以显示制造商和消费者的平均成本以实现更高的效率。

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