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A REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE GLOBAL SPACE INSURANCE MARKET I.A.A. 4.9 37~(th) Symposium on Safety and Quality in Space Activities

机译：全球空间保险市场近期发展回顾4.9第37〜（th）次空间活动安全与质量专题讨论会

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In this paper we examine the interrelation of theoretical reliability with risk, from the underwriter's perspective, in the development of appropriate rates for space insurance. Strategies for designing coverage in situations where the theoretical reliability has been compromised by generic design errors and/or material defects are also discussed.rnWhereas the majority of satellite Insurers' losses in the past were due to launch failures, in recent years the satellite insurance market has been faced with an overwhelming number of in-orbit claims. Some of these have been due to the random ("unforeseen and unforeseeable") failures that satellite insurance was intended to cover but there have been a number of generic design issues which have led to numerous failures. These problems have not been confined to a single satellite type, but have affected the whole market and are more indicative of changes to the satellite design, manufacture and testing philosophies adopted in the mid-1990's. Many of the failures occurred after a number of years in orbit and during a period when traditional models of the satellite reliability predicted that the rate of loss should be minimal.rnBecause of the high incidence of losses, Insurers have responded with increased rates for in-orbit coverage and in many cases have restricted the extent of the coverage provided. Whilst some Insureds have countered that current rates are not commensurate with the coverage being provided, others have decided to self-insure, or at least carry part of their risk.rnThis paper reviews the current problems faced by satellite Insurers, and discusses the factors involved in determining coverage design and rates. Whilst there can be no single solution (each individual case is highly specific), this paper outlines some possible solutions and changes in the market which once again, may see Insurers returning to the situation of providing coverage for random failures.

机译：在本文中，我们从承销商的角度研究了在制定适当的空间保险费率时理论可靠性与风险之间的相互关系。还讨论了在通用设计错误和/或材料缺陷损害了理论可靠性的情况下设计承保范围的策略。rn尽管过去大多数卫星保险公司的损失是由于发射失败造成的，但近年来，卫星保险市场面临着大量的在轨索赔。其中一些是由于卫星保险本应涵盖的随机（“不可预见的和不可预见的”）故障造成的，但是存在许多通用设计问题导致了许多故障。这些问题不仅限于单个卫星类型，而是影响了整个市场，并且更能说明1990年代中期采用的卫星设计，制造和测试方法的变化。许多失败发生在轨道运行数年后以及传统的卫星可靠性模型预测损失率应处于最小的时期。由于损失率很高，保险公司对增加的损失率做出了回应。轨道覆盖范围，并且在许多情况下限制了所提供覆盖范围。尽管一些被保险人已反驳说当前利率与所提供的承保范围不相称，但另一些被保险人却决定自行保险或至少承担部分风险。rn本文回顾了卫星保险公司目前面临的问题，并讨论了涉及的因素确定覆盖范围的设计和费率。尽管不可能有一个单一的解决方案（每个案例都是高度特定的），但本文概述了一些可能的解决方案和市场变化，这可能会再次使保险公司回到为随机故障提供保险的情况。

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《55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 vol.5》|2004年|3191-3203|共13页
会议地点 Vancouver(CA)
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David Wade; Robin Gubby;
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Brit Insurance London, UK;

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正文语种 eng
中图分类航天（宇宙航行）;
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A REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE GLOBAL SPACE INSURANCE MARKET I.A.A. 4.9 37~(th) Symposium on Safety and Quality in Space Activities

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