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Impacts of High Field Magnetic Fields on Processing of Selected Materials

机译：强磁场对所选材料加工的影响

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Various composite conductors and reinforcement materials are used for high field magnets in the USA National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.Typical composite conductors are Cu based metal-metal composites,whereas most of reinforcement materials have faced-center-cubic matrix and relatively low ductile-to-brittle transformation temperatures so they can perform at cryogenic temperatures.During the operation of the magnets,the mechanical stresses,magnetic fields and other extreme environments are imposed to the materials and materials are “processed” during the service of the magnets.For instance,the conductors in the magnets are likely to experience higher temperatures than ambient during the operations if the electrical current density for producing high field is sufficiently high.Some of the conductors are fabricated by cold rolling or drawing that introduces lattice distortions and high densities of interfaces in unit volume.High temperature and high field exposure of the conductor may affect the characteristics of the lattice distortions and the interfaces.The lattice distortion and density of the interface affects the mechanical properties of the conductors,such as the tensile and yield strength,as well as the electric conductivity of the composites.Therefore,the materials after service are expected to have different properties compared to as-received conditions.The first portion of our paper will focus on relationship between the service and processing of the magnet materials in high field magnets.The high magnetic field can be used directly to process materials.In some cases,the material properties can be improved by more than 50％if the processing is undertaken in the high magnetic field.The improvement is due to the microstructure changes induced by high magnetic fields.Understanding the behaviors of the materials after they are exposed to high magnetic fields helps us to make good use of the high field processing approach efficiently to fabricate better materials,particularly when the magnetic fields are so high that the cost of building and operation of high field magnets cannot be ignored.In high field processing,phase transformation usually occurs in the magnetic fields.In such cases,one has to consider the impacts of high magnetic fields on critical points,which include transformation temperatures and chemistry,crystallographic structure and habit planes for nucleation and growth,and kinetics.The goal of this portion of research is to understand the microstructure evolution of the selected materials processed in high magnetic fields,and to relate such microstructural features to properties of the materials.
机译：美国国家高磁场实验室将各种复合导体和增强材料用于高磁场磁体。典型的复合导体是基于铜的金属-金属复合材料，而大多数增强材料具有面心立方基体和相对较低的延展性。 -脆性转变温度，因此它们可以在低温下工作。在磁体运行期间，材料受到机械应力，磁场和其他极端环境的影响，并且在磁体使用过程中对材料进行“加工”。例如，如果用于产生高磁场的电流密度足够高，则磁体中的导体在运行过程中可能会比环境温度更高。一些导体是通过冷轧或拉丝制造的，从而引入晶格畸变和界面中的高密度单位体积导体的高温高场暴露y会影响晶格畸变和界面的特性。晶格畸变和界面密度会影响导体的机械性能，例如复合材料的拉伸强度和屈服强度以及其电导率。因此，材料预计服役后的性能与所接受的条件相比将有所不同。本文的第一部分将重点研究强磁场磁铁材料的服务与加工之间的关系。高磁场可直接用于加工材料在某些情况下，如果在强磁场下进行加工，材料性能可以提高50％以上。这种改进是由于强磁场引起的微观结构变化所致。了解材料在被处理后的行为暴露于高磁场中有助于我们有效利用高磁场处理方法来制造更好的材料特别是当磁场太强以至于不能忽略建造和运行高磁场磁体的成本时。在高磁场处理中，磁场通常会发生相变。在这种情况下，必须考虑磁场的影响。关键点上的高磁场，包括转变温度和化学性质，晶体结构和成核和生长的惯性平面以及动力学。这部分研究的目的是了解所选材料在高磁场中的微观结构演变，并将这种微观结构特征与材料的性能联系起来。

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