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首页> 外文会议>7th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference 2001: a Spacecraft Charging Odyssey, Apr 23-27, 2001, Noordwijk, the Netherlands >Combined effects of satellite and ion detector geometries and potentials on the measurement of thermal ions. The Hyperboloid instrument on Interball
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Combined effects of satellite and ion detector geometries and potentials on the measurement of thermal ions. The Hyperboloid instrument on Interball

机译：卫星和离子检测器的几何形状以及电势对热离子测量的综合影响。 Interball上的双曲面仪器

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The measurement of the full ion distribution on satellites is impossible if the detector potential meets a positive potential with respect to the ambient plasma. For that reason, and because satellites are often at positive potentials in the magnetosphere, caused by photoelectron emission, a negative bias can be applied on the Hyperboloid ion detector on the Interball-2 satellite as for the GEOS 1 & 2 and DE1 previous satellites. The aim of this work is to compute the perturbations of the ion distributions at the entrance of the detector and more generally to evaluate the real efficiency of the biasing technique. Most of the time the Interball-2 high altitude auroral satellite is charged at a few Volts positive potential with respect to the ambient plasma, as it can be deduced from electrostatic probes measurements. Then a bias, generally -8 V, is applied to Hyperboloid to set its potential negative, but obviously the lower part of the energy range 1-80 V of the instrument would be strongly disturbed. The ions reaching the Hyperboloid entrance windows would have travelled across a continuous huge electrostatic lens involving various spatial scales from ～ 10 cm (detector radius) to ～ 10 m (satellite antennas). Neglecting space charge effects, we have computed 3D potential maps and then the ion trajectories able to reach the Hyperboloid windows within their acceptance angles. We show that, for given values of the satellite potential and for each direction of arrival (each window of the detector), there is an energy cutoff and that the efficiency of the biasing technique is poor because the instrument is very close to the spacecraft body. All ions with energy just above the cutoff can come from a large range of directions in the undisturbed plasma; so, for this particular energy range, the angular measurement becomes undetermined. For all upper energy ranges a precise angular correction can be applied to the measurements. Using an extremely simple two-spheres model, we finally discuss the improvements which could be used in further experiments in the absence or not of any active control of the satellite potential.
机译：如果检测器电势相对于环境等离子体满足正电势，则不可能测量卫星上的全部离子分布。因此，由于卫星通常是由光电子发射引起的，因此在磁层中处于正电势，因此像GEOS 1＆2和DE1以前的卫星一样，可以对Interball-2卫星的双曲面离子检测器施加负偏压。这项工作的目的是计算检测器入口处离子分布的扰动，更笼统地说是评估偏置技术的实际效率。大多数时候，Interball-2高空极光卫星相对于周围的等离子体都以几伏的正电势充电，因为它可以通过静电探针测量得出。然后对双曲面施加一个通常为-8 V的偏压以将其电位设置为负，但是很明显，该仪器的能量范围1-80 V的下部会受到严重干扰。到达双曲面入口窗口的离子将穿过一个连续的巨大静电透镜，该透镜的空间尺度从〜10 cm（探测器半径）到〜10 m（卫星天线）不等。忽略了空间电荷效应，我们计算了3D势能图，然后计算了能够在其接受角内到达双曲面窗口的离子轨迹。我们表明，对于给定的卫星电势值和每个到达方向（探测器的每个窗口），都有一个能量截止，并且由于该仪器非常靠近航天器主体，因此偏置技术的效率很差。 。能量恰好位于截止值以上的所有离子都可以来自不受干扰的等离子体中的很大方向。因此，对于这个特定的能量范围，角度测量变得不确定。对于所有较高的能量范围，可以将精确的角度校正应用于测量。最后，我们使用一个非常简单的两球模型，讨论了在没有或没有任何主动控制卫星电势的情况下，可用于进一步实验的改进措施。

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