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首页> 外文会议>9th World conference on transport research (9th WCTR) >UNIFORM RAIL COSTING SYSTEM:ITS DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTIONS, AND USES INTHE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR
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UNIFORM RAIL COSTING SYSTEM:ITS DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTIONS, AND USES INTHE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR

机译：统一的轨道成本系统：其发展，功能和在公共和私人部门中的用途

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摘要

Privatization is a movement that is spreading throughout the world as governments come torealize that the private sector is the most efficient provider of non-pure public goods andservices. Hence, rail costing is becoming an extremely important issue in both the public andprivate sectors. In the public sector it is important because regulation can be more effective inthose instances where it is required. In the private sector it can influence decisions by therailways and their customers regarding rates, costs / benefits, and alternatives -- effectivelycreating a more efficient market. The Uniform Rail Costing System (URCS) is a computerprogram that is designed to calculate costs associated with railroad transportation. This paperpresents the natural monopoly paradigm and how Ramsey Pricing can theoretically be used toaddress monopoly behavior concerns; the evolution of railroad cost development in theUnited States (US); railroad cost development, using constant and variable costs; the URCScomputer model; an example of a cost development problem using a simplified URCS toconvey the detail and complexity of the full process and program; and the uses of URCS (oran URCS-type cost development system) in a privatized / deregulated railroad transportationmarket.
机译：随着政府逐渐意识到私营部门是非纯公共产品和服务的最有效提供者，私有化是一项在全球范围内传播的运动。因此，铁路成本在公共和私营部门中都已成为极为重要的问题。在公共部门，这一点很重要，因为在需要监管的情况下监管会更加有效。在私营部门中，它可以影响铁路及其客户在费率，成本/收益和替代方案方面的决策，从而有效地建立更有效的市场。统一铁路成本核算系统（URCS）是一个计算机程序，旨在计算与铁路运输相关的成本。本文介绍了自然垄断范式，以及理论上如何将Ramsey定价用于解决垄断行为问题；美国铁路成本发展的演变；使用恒定成本和可变成本的铁路成本开发； URCS计算机模型；使用简化的URCS来传达整个流程和程序的细节和复杂性的成本开发问题的示例；以及在私有化/放松管制的铁路运输市场中使用URCS（或URCS类型的成本开发系统）。

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