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IMPACT OF LAUNCHERS ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN FRENCH GUIANA

机译：发射器对法属圭亚那环境的影响

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The main combustion products of the Ariane 5 solidrnrocket boosters are alumina and chlorhyde gas. Whenrnthe launcher lift off the significant concentrations of thisrncomponents are around the launch zone. We usernsamplers to evaluate the concentrations of this twornelements. To optimize the localisation of the samplersrnwe use a model to obtain the projected traces of therncombustion cloud according to meteorological datarn(software sarrim).rnDuring the first seconds of takes 1000 m3 of water floodrnthe base right to decrease the acoustic vibration. Thernmajor parts of the pollutants fall close to the launchrnzone and acidic cloud is formed. Once having stabilizedrnthe cloud begins diluting, it is subjected to the influencernof the different layers of wind.rnTo measure air quality we use first continuousrnanalysers, secondly containers with distilled water tornsample the acidic particles from the cloud. We alsornmonitor the physicochemical quality of water in a riverrnnear the launch zone, the impact of the combustionrnproducts on vegetation, the aquatic fauna. Noise andrnvibrations are also measured. For terrestrial fauna likernbirds, we monitor the general population and a colonyrnof wade. The most important colony of this species isrnlocated on the base : around 75% of the population ofrnthe French Guiana. We use also a new protocol tornestimate the impact of launch by measuring thernthickness of eggshells. We use research results whichrnshow that calcium can be replaced by alumina. Whenrnthe thickness of eggshells is thin, the reproduction canrnbe affected.rnFor each measurement campaign, we have more thanrn100 sites and around 600 samples. The results showsrnthat the land around the space centre is like a naturalrnrefuge. The impact of the launches is low, hunting isrnforbidden and security personal controls the zone base isrna protected zone. The space centre is now a naturalrnwildlife refuge.rnFor the two new launchers, Vega and Soyuz, we willrnalso monitor the environmental impact of the launch.rnFor Vega the monitoring is similar to Ariane 5, becausernof the composition of the booster. For Soyuz, therncombustion products are different. The mix of kerosenernand liquid oxygen produces CO_2 and CO, and otherrnproducts like oxides of nitrogen and dioxide sulphur, inrnlow quantities. We will use others samplers.rnThe ongoing research on launcher in flight concern 2rnthemes:rn1. the impact of the launchers on the stratosphere :rnModelling the impact of chlorine emitted duringrnlaunch on the ozone layer between 15 and 30 kmrnaltitude (Cerfacs):rn2. the kinetic of the combustion cloud (UAG:rnUniversité des Antilles et de la Guyane).rnFor the launch range activities we present the variousrntypes of produced waste and the different treatmentrndevices.
机译：阿丽亚娜5型固体火箭助推器的主要燃烧产物为氧化铝和氯气。当发射器升空时，发射区域周围会大量聚集这种组分。我们使用采样器来评估这两个元素的浓度。为了优化采样器的位置，我们使用一个模型根据气象数据（软件sarrim）获取燃烧云的投影轨迹。在用水量为1000 m3的最初几秒钟内，基本权降低了声学振动。大部分污染物落在发射区附近，并形成酸性云。一旦稳定下来，云开始被稀释，就受到不同层风的影响。为了测量空气质量，我们首先使用连续分析仪，然后使用装有蒸馏水的容器对云中的酸性颗粒进行采样。我们还监测发射区附近河流中水的物理化学质量，燃烧产物对植被和水生动物的影响。还测量了噪声和振动。对于陆鸟类鸟类，我们监测了总种群和殖民地韦德。该物种最重要的殖民地位于基地上：法属圭亚那约占人口的75％。我们还使用一种新协议，通过测量蛋壳的厚度来估计发射的影响。我们使用的研究结果表明钙可以被氧化铝替代。当蛋壳的厚度很薄时，繁殖可能受到影响。对于每个测量活动，我们都有100多个位点和大约600个样本。结果表明，太空中心周围的土地就像一个自然避难所。发射的影响很小，禁止狩猎，安全人员控制着该地区的基础保护区。太空中心现在是自然的野生动物保护区。对于两个新发射器Vega和Soyuz，我们还将监视发射的环境影响。对于Vega，监视类似于阿丽亚娜5，因为助推器的组成。对于联盟号而言，燃烧产品是不同的。煤油和液态氧的混合物产生CO_2和CO，以及其他产物，例如氮氧化物和二氧化硫的氧化物，数量很少。我们将使用其他采样器。正在进行中的有关发射器的研究涉及2rnthemes：rn1。发射器对平流层的影响：rn模拟发射过程中发射的氯对海拔15至30 km（Cerfacs）处的臭氧层的影响：rn2。燃烧云的动力学（UAG：安的列斯大学和圭亚那大学）。对于发射范围活动，我们介绍了产生的废物的各种类型和不同的处理设备。

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  • 会议地点 Versailles(FR)
  • 作者

    Sandrine RICHARD; Bernard CHEMOUL;

  • 作者单位

    CNES/CSG – BP726 – 97387 Kourou Cedex (France), sandrine.richard@cnes.fr;

    CNES/CSG – BP726 – 97387 Kourou Cedex (France), bernard.chemoul@cnes.fr;

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