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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Challenges to agricultural production in Asia in the 21st Century
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Challenges to agricultural production in Asia in the 21st Century

机译：21世纪亚洲农业生产面临的挑战

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DURING the past 50 years, Asia has made tremendous progress in food security and agricultural development. Nations with large populations that once experienced periodic famine, such as China and India, are now virtually self-sufficient in food production. Community-based nutrition programs in Indonesia and Thailand are frequently presented as models for developing countries. No longer does one hear the phrase 'basket case' when Bangladesh or India are mentioned. The achievement of peace in Cambodia and East Timor has greatly improved the prospects for overcoming hunger. Asia has also made tremendous progress in agricultural development. Cereal production more than doubled during the past 30 years boosting calorie availability per person by 24% even as the region's population grew by a billion people. Virtually all of the increase in production resulted from yield gains rather than expansion of cultivated area. Increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rapid industrial growth in many countries of the region, along with a rapid expansion of the non-farm rural economy, contributed to almost a tripling of per capita incomes. While three of every five Asians lived in poverty some 30 years ago, less than a third do so today. However, poverty remains higher in rural Asia than in the cities with nearly 700 million rural people still considered poor with low levels of health, education, and general well being. More than half a billion Asians are chronically undernourished and child malnutrition is widespread in parts of Asia, especially in South Asia. Famine is severe in North Korea and has been for about a decade. In South Asia, 88% of pregnant women suffer from anaemia, usually as a result of insufficient dietary iron. Given that the centre of gravity of regional poverty and food insecurity remains rural, agriculture will continue to play a critical role as the region pursues sustainable food security for all. It is particularly important that strategies for future agricultural growth focus on equity, as well as redressing past environmental degradation that has often occurred in well endowed and irrigated areas, while recognising that environmentally friendly intensification of agriculture can offer sustainable livelihoods to the many poor people who live in less favoured rural areas. Public policies must strike an appropriate balance among agricultural, urban, and non-farm rural investments, and between well endowed and less favoured areas. Research and technology along with investments in rural infrastructure will play a major role in successful rural development and poverty eradication.
机译：在过去的50年中，亚洲在粮食安全和农业发展方面取得了巨大进步。曾经经历过定期饥荒的人口众多的国家，例如中国和印度，现在实际上已经实现了粮食生产的自给自足。印度尼西亚和泰国的社区营养计划经常被作为发展中国家的榜样。当提到孟加拉国或印度时，再也听不见“篮子案”一词。柬埔寨和东帝汶实现和平大大改善了战胜饥饿的前景。亚洲在农业发展方面也取得了巨大进步。在过去30年中，尽管该地区的人口增加了10亿，但谷物的生产量却翻了一番还多，使人均卡路里的利用率提高了24％。几乎所有的产量增长都来自产量的增加，而不是耕地面积的扩大。该区域许多国家的农业生产率提高和随后的快速工业增长，以及非农业农村经济的迅速增长，几乎使人均收入增加了三倍。大约30年前，每五分之三的亚洲人生活在贫困中，而今天只有不到三分之一。但是，亚洲农村地区的贫困率仍然高于城市，因为仍有近7亿农村人口仍被认为是穷人，他们的健康，教育和总体福祉较低。超过十亿的亚洲人长期营养不良，儿童营养不良在亚洲部分地区尤其是南亚地区普遍存在。朝鲜的饥荒十分严重，已经持续了大约十年。在南亚，88％的孕妇患有贫血，通常是由于饮食中铁含量不足所致。鉴于区域贫困和粮食不安全的重心仍在农村，随着该地区为所有人追求可持续粮食安全，农业将继续发挥关键作用。尤其重要的是，未来农业增长的战略应着眼于公平，以及纠正过去在富裕和灌溉地区经常发生的环境恶化，同时认识到农业的环境友好集约化可以为许多贫困人口提供可持续的生计。居住在偏爱的农村地区。公共政策必须在农业，城市和非农业农村投资之间，以及在富裕地区和弱势地区之间实现适当的平衡。研究和技术以及对农村基础设施的投资将在成功的农村发展和消除贫困中发挥重要作用。

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