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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >The effect of water availability on rice-based double cropping in rainfed lowlands in Cambodia
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The effect of water availability on rice-based double cropping in rainfed lowlands in Cambodia

机译：水分供应对柬埔寨雨养低地稻米双作的影响

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摘要

The success of double cropping of rice-based systems in the rainfed lowlands of Cambodia primarily depends on managing water resources effectively. Maximising the production of double cropping demands the effective use of rainfall and in some areas supplementary irrigation. In a series of experiments in Cambodia, four different locations and four different treatments were evaluated using various combinations of rice and mungbean. The major limitations identified for double-cropping systems include the lack of reliable rainfall for the early season rice, risk of soil water saturation for early season mungbean, and lack of water for establishing and then growing mungbean after the wet season rice. The current practice is to minimise the risk and maximise the yield of the wet season rice crop, and hence there is rather limited flexibility for other crops. The early season mungbean should be planted as early as possible to reduce the risk of soil water saturation, whereas the dry season mungbean should be planted as soon as possible after the harvesting of the wet season rice. Another option would be to plant the wet season rice earlier to accommodate the dry season mungbean, or later to accommodate the early season rice. Thus a systems approach is needed to maximise productivity from the limited water available and minimise the risk of crop failure in rainfed lowlands. Characterising rainfall patterns will help in evaluating the risk of different cropping systems. The availability of supplementary irrigation even for limited, strategic irrigation reduces the risk of crop loss and increases the practice of double cropping.
机译：在柬埔寨的雨养低地上，以稻米为基础的系统的双季种植成功与否，主要取决于有效管理水资源。要使双季作物的产量最大化，就需要有效利用降雨，在某些地区还需要补充灌溉。在柬埔寨进行的一系列实验中，使用水稻和绿豆的各种组合评估了四个不同的地点和四种不同的处理方法。为双作系统确定的主要局限性包括：早季稻缺乏可靠的降雨，早季绿豆土壤水分饱和的风险以及在湿季稻后缺乏建立和生长绿豆的水。当前的做法是使湿季水稻作物的风险降至最低，并使单产最大化，因此，其他作物的灵活性相当有限。早季绿豆应尽早种植，以减少土壤水分饱和的风险，而旱季绿豆应在收获湿季稻后尽快种植。另一种选择是早些时候种植湿季稻米，以适应干旱季节的绿豆，或晚些时候种植早稻。因此，需要一种系统方法来最大限度地利用有限的可用水来提高生产力，并最大程度地减少雨养低地作物歉收的风险。表征降雨模式将有助于评估不同种植系统的风险。即使有限的战略灌溉也可以使用补充灌溉，从而减少了作物损失的风险，并增加了双季种植的作法。

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