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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Sustainable agriculture and efficient water use in Monsoon Asia
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Sustainable agriculture and efficient water use in Monsoon Asia

机译：季风亚洲的可持续农业和高效用水

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The world knows little about Monsoon Asia's agriculture even though it feeds 54% of the world's population but uses only 14% of the world's land. Within 30 years from when the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) were established in Manila, most Asian countries had achieved self-sufficiency in rice by using the green revolution technologies of irrigation management, high-yielding seeds and fertilisers. It also built up the foundation of the 'East Asian Miracle' in early 1990s, through integration of agricultural processing and marketing. Irrigated rice is an engine of life, which sustains high-yield, abundant, high-nutritional elements and a long history of cultivation. The networks of irrigation and drainage provide life-supporting water to every kind of creature and so contributes to biodiversity and environmental protection. However, different rainfall and soil conditions have led to unique and efficient water management systems to meet the local people's traditional socioeconomic choices. This paper highlights seven such examples in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Syria. After successfully increasing food production, Monsoon Asian countries are now challenging much broader targets for human welfare through crop diversification and agro-industries for higher income and sustainable rural development. At the beginning of the 21st Century, one of the most difficult problems is how to sustain efficient irrigation management. 'Participating Irrigation Management (PIM)' initiated by the World Bank in 1995 has encountered a vicious circle. It appears that this now needs to be extended to 'Community Owned Management (COM)' which will give stronger incentives to farmers and, at least, land cultivation and water use rights. Finally, the tragic event in the USA on 11 September 2001 demonstrated that 'narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor' is more important than simple 'Poverty alleviation'. The United Nations is asked to seriously consider this aspect and initiate a comprehensive study leading to global structural reform, beyond the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
机译：尽管季风亚洲的农业养活了世界54％的人口，但仅使用了世界14％的土地，但对世界的了解却很少。自国际水稻研究所（IRRI）和亚洲开发银行（ADB）在马尼拉成立以来的30年中，大多数亚洲国家通过使用灌溉管理，高产种子的绿色革命技术实现了水稻的自给自足和肥料。通过农业加工和销售的整合，它还在1990年代初建立了“东亚奇迹”的基础。灌溉稻米是生命的动力，它维持着高产，丰富，高营养的元素以及悠久的栽培历史。灌溉和排水网络为各种生物提供了维持生命的水，因此有助于生物多样性和环境保护。但是，不同的降雨和土壤条件导致了独特而有效的水管理系统，可以满足当地人民传统的社会经济选择。本文重点介绍了菲律宾，泰国，印度尼西亚，中国，斯里兰卡，柬埔寨和叙利亚的七个例子。在成功增加粮食产量之后，季风亚洲国家现在正通过作物多样化和农产工业来实现更高的收入和可持续的农村发展，以挑战更大范围的人类福祉目标。在21世纪初，最困难的问题之一是如何维持有效的灌溉管理。世界银行于1995年发起的“参与式灌溉管理（PIM）”遇到了一个恶性循环。看来现在需要将其扩展到“社区所有管理（COM）”，这将对农民以及至少土地耕种和用水权给予更强有力的激励。最后，2001年9月11日在美国发生的悲惨事件表明，“缩小贫富差距”比简单的“扶贫”更为重要。请联合国认真考虑这一方面，并​​发起一项全面研究，以实现超越千年发展目标的全球结构改革。

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