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Magnetic properties of single crystals of Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys

机译：Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金的单晶磁性

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The magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect occurs in some ferromagnetic martensitic alloys at temperatures below the martensite finish temperature and involves the re-orientation of martensite variants by twin boundary motion, in response to an applied stress and/or magnetic field. The driving force for twin boundary motion is the magnetic anisotropy. In this study, magnetization measurements as a function of magnetic field were made on several oriented single crystals of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The magnetization versus magnetic field curves were characteristic of magnetically soft materials with magnetic anisotropy consistent with literature estimates for the different martensite structures observed in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. Differences in the slope of the curves were due to the martensite structure, the relative proportion of martensite variants present, and their respective easy and hard axis orientations. Thermo-magneto-mechanical training was applied in an attempt to transform multi-variant specimens to single variant martensite. Training of the orthorhombic 7M martensites was sufficient to produce a near single variant of martensite, while the tetragonal 5M martensite responded well to training and produced a single-variant state. The strength of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant for single-variant tetragonal 5M martensite, Ni_(52.9)Mn_(27.3)Ga_(19.8), was calculated to be K_u = 1.8 x 10~5 J/m~3, consistent with literature values. To obtain single-variant martensites, heat-treatment of the specimens prior to thermo-magneto-mechanical training is necessary.
机译：磁性形状记忆（MSM）效应发生在某些铁磁马氏体合金中，其温度低于马氏体终轧温度，并且响应于所施加的应力和/或磁场，涉及通过双边界运动使马氏体变体重新取向。孪生边界运动的驱动力是磁各向异性。在这项研究中，使用振动样品磁力计在Ni-Mn-Ga合金的几种取向单晶上进行了磁化强度随磁场的测量。磁化强度与磁场曲线是具有各向异性的软磁性材料的特性，与在Ni-Mn-Ga合金中观察到的不同马氏体结构的文献估计一致。曲线斜率的差异归因于马氏体结构，存在的马氏体变体的相对比例以及它们各自的易轴和硬轴方向。进行了热磁机械训练，以尝试将多变量标本转换为单变量马氏体。斜方7M马氏体的训练足以产生几乎单一的马氏体变体，而四方5M马氏体对训练的反应很好，并产生单变态。 Ni_（52.9）Mn_（27.3）Ga_（19.8）的单变量四方体5M马氏体的单轴磁各向异性常数的强度计算为K_u = 1.8 x 10〜5 J / m〜3，与文献值一致。为了获得单变量马氏体，必须在热磁机械训练之前对样品进行热处理。

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