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Technical assessment of low light color camera technology

机译：弱光彩色相机技术的技术评估

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In nighttime overcast conditions with a new moon (near-total darkness), typical light levels may only reach 10~(-2)-10~(-4) lux. As such, standard CCD/CMOS video cameras have insufficient sensitivity to capture useful images. Third generation night vision cameras (Gen III NV) are the state-of-the-art in terms of imaging clarity and resolution at this light level, but rely on green or green/yellow phosphors to produce monochromatic images while true color information is lost. More recently, low-light color video cameras have become commercially available which are purportedly able to produce true-color images at rates of 15-30 frames per second (fps) in near-total darkness without loss in clarity. This study determined if the sensitivities of two low-light color video cameras, Toshiba's IK-1000 EMCCD and Opto-Knowledge System's (OKSI) True Color Night Vision (TCNV) cameras are comparable to current Gen II/III NV technology. NRL, in a joint effort with NSWC Carderock Division, quantified the effectiveness of these cameras in terms of objective laboratory characterization and subjective field testing. Laboratory tests included signal-to-noise (S/N), spectral response, and imaging quality at 2, 15, and 30 frames per second (fps). Field tests were performed at 8, 15, and 30 fps to determine clarity and color composition of camouflaged human subjects and stationary objects from a set number of standoff distances under near-total darkness (measured at 10~(-8)-10~(-10) W/cm~2 sr @ 650nm). Low-light camera video was qualitatively compared to imagery taken by Stanford Photonics Mega-10 Gen III Night Vision Scientific and Tactical Imagers under identical conditions.
机译：在夜间有新月的阴云密布的天气（几乎完全黑暗）中，典型的光照水平可能只能达到10〜（-2）-10〜（-4）lux。因此，标准CCD / CMOS摄像机的灵敏度不足以捕获有用的图像。第三代夜视摄像头（Gen III NV）在此光水平下具有先进的成像清晰度和分辨率，但是依靠绿色或绿色/黄色荧光粉产生单色图像，而丢失了真实的色彩信息。近来，低光彩色摄像机已经商业化，据称能够在几乎完全黑暗的情况下以每秒15-30帧（fps）的速度产生真彩色图像，而不会造成清晰度的损失。这项研究确定了东芝的IK-1000 EMCCD和光知识系统（OKSI）的真彩色夜视（TCNV）两台低光彩色摄像机的灵敏度是否可以与当前的Gen II / III NV技术相媲美。 NRL与NSWC Carderock部门共同努力，通过客观的实验室表征和主观现场测试量化了这些摄像机的有效性。实验室测试包括每秒2、15和30帧（fps）的信噪比（S / N），光谱响应和成像质量。在8帧，15帧和30帧/秒的速度下进行了现场测试，以确定在接近完全黑暗的情况下，通过一定距离的距离，伪装的人类对象和静止物体的清晰度和颜色组成（在10〜（-8）-10〜（ -10）W / cm〜2 sr @ 650nm）。在相同的条件下，将低光摄像机视频与斯坦福大学的Photonics Mega-10 Gen III夜视科学和战术成像仪所拍摄的图像进行了定性比较。

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