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A Reflective Gaussian Coronagraph for ExAO: Laboratory Performance

机译：用于ExAO的反射式高斯日冕仪：实验室性能

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摘要

We report laboratory results of a coronagraphic testbed to assess the intensity reduction differences between a "Gaussian" tapered focal plane coronagraphic mask and a classical hard-edged "Top Hat" function mask at Extreme Adaptive Optics (ExAO) Strehl ratios of ～94%. However, unlike a traditional coronagraph design, we insert a reflective focal plane mask at 45° to the optical axis and used a "spot of Arago blocker" (axicon stop) before a final image in order to block additional mask edge-diffracted light. The testbed simulates the optical train of ground-based telescopes (in particular the 8.1m Gemini North telescope) and includes one spider vane and different mask radii (r= 1.9λ/D, 3.7λ/D, 7.4λ/D) and two types of reflective focal plane masks (hard-edged "Top Hat" and "Gaussian" tapered profiles). In order to investigate the performance of these competing coronagraphic designs with regard to extra-solar planet detection sensitivity, we utilize the simulation of realistic extra-solar planet populations (Nielsen et al. 2006). With an appropriate translation of our laboratory results to expected telescope performance, a "Gaussian" tapered mask radius of 3.7λ/D with an axicon stop performs best (highest planet detection sensitivity). For a full survey with this optimal design, the simulation predicts ～30% more planets detected compared to a similar sized "Top Hat" function mask with an axicon stop. Using the best design, the "point contrast ratio" between the stellar PSF peak and the coronagraphic PSF at 10λ/D (0.4″ in H band if D = 8.1m) is 1.4 x 10~6. This is ～10 times higher than a classical Lyot "Top Hat" coronagraph.
机译：我们报告了一个电晕试验台的实验室结果，以评估“高斯”锥形焦平面电晕掩模与经典硬边“礼帽”功能掩模在〜94％的极限自适应光学（Strehl）比率下的强度降低差异。但是，与传统的日冕仪设计不同，我们在与光轴成45°的位置插入反射焦平面掩模，并在最终图像之前使用“ Arago阻光剂”（轴锥光阑），以阻挡额外的掩模边缘衍射光。该测试台模拟地面望远镜（特别是8.1m Gemini North望远镜）的光学系统，包括一个蜘蛛叶片和不同的遮罩半径（r =1.9λ/ D，3.7λ/ D，7.4λ/ D）和两个反射焦平面掩模的类型（硬边“高顶礼帽”和“高斯”锥形轮廓）。为了研究这些竞争性日冕设计在太阳系外行星探测灵敏度方面的性能，我们利用对现实太阳系外行星种群的模拟（Nielsen等人，2006年）。通过适当地将我们的实验室结果转换为预期的望远镜性能，具有高锥度的3.7λ/ D的“高斯”锥形掩模半径和轴锥光阑可以实现最佳（最高的行星探测灵敏度）。对于使用这种最佳设计进行的全面调查，模拟预测，与类似尺寸的带有“轴锥”挡块的“高顶礼帽”功能面罩相比，探测到的行星多出约30％。使用最佳设计，恒星PSF峰和冠状PSF在10λ/ D（如果D = 8.1m，H波段为0.4“）之间的“点对比率”为1.4 x 10〜6。这比经典的Lyot“ Top Hat”日冕仪高约10倍。

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