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Effect of nanodroplet ink concentration on switching response of reverse-emulsion electrophoretic displays

机译：纳米液滴油墨浓度对反乳电泳显示器开关响应的影响

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Reverse-emulsion electrophoretic display (REED) technology is based on an electro-responsive ink comprised of self-assembled nanodroplets dispersed in a non-polar liquid. The dye-containing nanodroplets are selectively driven toward or away from the viewing plane by patterned electrodes that define distinct pixels. In this study, experimental measurements of relative luminance were conducted to determine how ink concentration affects display performance, especially with respect to image contrast and response time. The particle size distribution of the ink was determined by dynamic light scattering and corroborated by atomic force microscopy, with average size approximately 200 nm. Concentration levels of 100%, 50%, 37.5%, 25%, 18.8%, 12.5% were tested for luminance, and the highest contrast ratio was achieved at 25%. Ink concentration was observed to have little effect on switching time, with all cases reaching steady state within approximately 2 s. Spatial variability was measured by isolating 5 mm circular zones within each tested device, and the lowest variability in relative luminance was observed for 18.8% and 25% concentration levels. The experimental observations were compared to predicted behavior based on multiphysics simulation with diluted species transport and electrostatics. The experimental test devices exhibited behavior that was similar to the saturation effects predicted by simulation, accounting for steric effects.
机译：反向乳液电泳显示器（REED）技术基于电响应墨水，该墨水由分散在非极性液体中的自组装纳米液滴组成。包含染料的纳米液滴被限定不同像素的图案化电极选择性地朝向或远离观察平面驱动。在这项研究中，进行了相对亮度的实验测量，以确定墨水浓度如何影响显示性能，尤其是在图像对比度和响应时间方面。油墨的粒度分布是通过动态光散射测定的，并通过原子力显微镜证实，平均粒径约为200 nm。测试了100％，50％，37.5％，25％，18.8％，12.5％的浓度等级的亮度，最高对比度为25％。观察到墨水浓度对切换时间几乎没有影响，所有情况都在大约2 s内达到稳定状态。通过隔离每个测试设备内的5 mm圆形区域来测量空间变异性，在18.8％和25％的浓度水平下，相对亮度的变异性最低。将实验观察结果与基于多物理场模拟（具有稀释的物质迁移和静电）的预测行为进行了比较。实验测试设备表现出的行为与模拟预测的饱和效应相似，说明了空间效应。

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