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Energy balance in a tunnel fire - midscale tests and CFD simulations -

机译：隧道火灾中的能量平衡-中型测试和CFD模拟-

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The present study aims at quantifying the energy balance during a tunnel fire. For that, this work is based on two experiments under two different ventilation regimes (sub-critical and supercritical). These two tests belong to a campaign conducted by CSTB in an experimental midscale tunnel (1/3rd). In a first step, the present work consists in verifying the repeatability of tunnel tests and estimating measurement uncertainty for experimental results. The second stage consists in simulating these two tests with the CFD code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator, NIST), in order to define the suitable parameters for the numerical tool and to warrant the best achievable numerical processing of the tests. In a third step, an energy balance has been computed for the whole tunnel on the basis of the FDS simulation results.rnThere are three main results in this study. First, it has allowed evaluating the CFD code for this tunnel fire configuration. The agreement was between 11 and 23 % for the sub-critical regime and between 11 and 19 % (except in the fire region upstream the fire) for the supercritical regime. Second, for each test, the energy balance distribution is only slightly sensitive to most of the input data. Third, the energy balance strongly depends on the ventilation regime. In fact, respectively around 67 % and 50 % of the heat released is dissipated through exchanges with the wall in the sub-critical and supercritical regimes. This difference has mainly been attributed to the back-layering phenomenon.
机译：本研究旨在量化隧道火灾期间的能量平衡。为此，这项工作是基于在两个不同的通风条件（亚临界和超临界）下进行的两个实验。这两个测试属于CSTB在实验性中型隧道（1/3）中进行的一项活动。第一步，目前的工作在于验证隧道测试的可重复性，并估计实验结果的测量不确定度。第二阶段包括使用CFD代码FDS（消防动力学模拟器，NIST）模拟这两个测试，以便为数值工具定义合适的参数并保证对测试进行最佳的数值处理。第三步，根据FDS模拟结果，计算了整个隧道的能量平衡。这项研究有三个主要结果。首先，它允许评估此隧道火灾配置的CFD代码。对于亚临界状态，该协议介于11％到23％之间；对于超临界状态，该协议介于11％到19％之间（火灾上游的火区除外）。其次，对于每个测试，能量平衡分布仅对大多数输入数据稍微敏感。第三，能量平衡在很大程度上取决于通风状况。实际上，在亚临界和超临界状态下，分别通过与壁的交换来散发分别约67％和50％的热量。这种差异主要归因于背层现象。

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