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ON THE DESIGN OF VERTICAL RISERS FROM AMMONIARECIRCULATION TYPE EVAPORATORS

机译:氨循环型蒸发器竖向冒口的设计

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Design criteria for vertical risers carrying two-phase ammonia flow include minimized pressurerndrop at stable flow conditions and prevention of flow and pressure oscillations, particularly at reducedrnload. Estimates for optimum vapour velocities with respect to pressure drop in vertical upwardrntwo-phase flow are available. A method to calculate the magnitude of the vertical pressurerngradient is proposed. While these velocities may serve as design criterion for high riser systemsrn(e.g. 4-5 m) at moderate evaporation temperatures, lower velocities should be applied in low temperaturernsystems with less riser heights, due to greater relative significance of the other pressurerndrop components in the riser system.rnAt low and moderate vapour velocities, the liquid transport in vertical risers will be intermittentrnand, under certain circumstances, cause flow and pressure pulsations. This may become a majorrnproblem when pulsations in riser and evaporator interact and exacerbate instability, possibly bringingrnthe entire sub-system into heavy oscillations. Annular flow in the riser will minimize the risk ofrnoscillations and the requisite conditions to achieve annular flow are discussed.rnAt optimum vapour velocities, the flow will be well within the annular flow regime in most cases,rnwith low risk of flow oscillations. For evaporators working over a wide capacity range, double risersrnshould be applied to keep vapour velocity above the lower limit for annular flow.
机译:承载两相氨流的立式立管的设计标准包括:在稳定的流动条件下将压降降至最低,并防止流量和压力波动,特别是在负荷降低时。关于垂直向上两相流中压降的最佳蒸气速度的估算值是可用的。提出了一种计算竖向压力梯度大小的方法。虽然这些速度可以作为在中等蒸发温度下高立管系统的设计标准(例如4-5 m),但由于立管中其他压降组件的相对重要性较高,因此应在立管高度较小的低温系统中应用较低的速度在中低蒸汽速度下,立式立管中的液体传输将是间歇性的,在某些情况下会引起流量和压力脉动。当立管和蒸发器中的脉动相互作用并加剧不稳定性时,这可能成为主要问题,可能会使整个子系统陷入严重的振荡。提升管中的环形流动将使发生振荡的风险降到最低,并讨论了实现环形流动的必要条件。在最佳蒸汽速度下,大多数情况下,流动将很好地处于环形流动范围内,并且具有较低的流动振荡风险。对于在宽容量范围内工作的蒸发器,应使用双立管以使蒸气速度保持在环形流量下限以上。

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