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首页> 外文会议>Water and power: environmental governance and strategies for sustainability in the lower mekong basin >Chapter 15 Common Challenges of Smallholders in ASEAN: Lacking Access to Land, Water, Market, and State
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Chapter 15 Common Challenges of Smallholders in ASEAN: Lacking Access to Land, Water, Market, and State

机译：第15章东盟小农的共同挑战：缺乏获得土地，水，市场和国家的机会

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This chapter focuses on smallholder farmers in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV), examining the relationship between their access to and uses of the environment, changing regimes at regional and national levels, and environmental problems. It argues that environmental and food security problems are also always governance problems and that they cannot be solved unless their political-economic dimensions are addressed. Although the vast majority of the food supply in Southeast Asia comes from smallholders, many face not only accelerating climate change but also poverty, large-scale land-grabbing, and limits to markets, technology, credit, and water. Women smallholders especially face legal and social hurdles, including access to land, credit, and education. This chapter offers case studies of how the ASEAN Economic Community, which aims to form a single market to better integrate in the global economy, could actually worsen the situation for smallholders in CLMV. Noting that smallholders' level of resilience is significantly affected by political economy variables, such as degree of access to power, the effects of public policies, and lack of state support, it then offers recommendations of what ASEAN, national governments, and civil society could do to help smallholders. Suggestions include harmonizing regulatory frameworks; reducing non-tariff barriers; ensuring access to, management of, and ownership of land; reviving the agrarian economy; implementing pro-women policies; and helping smallholders to better access markets and receive fairer prices. Moreover, future studies of agricultural and environmental problems should account for how power geometries affect the creation of these problems.
机译：本章重点介绍柬埔寨，老挝，缅甸和越南（CLMV）的小农户，研究他们获取和使用环境，区域和国家级政权变化以及环境问题之间的关系。它认为，环境和粮食安全问题也始终是治理问题，除非解决其政治经济方面的问题，否则无法解决。尽管东南亚的绝大多数粮食供应都来自小农，但许多人不仅面临加速的气候变化，而且面临贫困，大规模征地以及市场，技术，信贷和水的限制。女性小农户尤其面临法律和社会障碍，包括获得土地，信贷和教育的机会。本章提供了案例研究，说明了旨在形成一个单一市场以更好地融入全球经济的东盟经济共同体实际上如何使CLMV小农的状况恶化。注意到小农的抵御能力水平受到政治经济变量的显着影响，例如获得权力的程度，公共政策的影响以及缺乏国家支持，然后提出了有关东盟，各国政府和民间社会可以采取哪些措施的建议尽力帮助小农户。建议包括协调监管框架；减少非关税壁垒；确保获得，管理和拥有土地；复兴农业经济；实施有利于妇女的政策；帮助小农户更好地进入市场并获得更公平的价格。此外，对农业和环境问题的未来研究应说明功率几何如何影响这些问题的产生。

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