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Alternative Approaches for Bedding Materials Used in the Housing of Dairy Calves and Cows

机译：奶牛和奶牛饲养所用寝具的替代方法

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The objective of the first study was to determine the effect of bedding on the behavior and performance of Holstein and Jersey calves housed using individual hutches bedded with gravel,rubber mats, or sand.The second study evaluated the behavioral response of late lactation Holstein cows to two types of sand bedding: (1) new, clean sand or (2) sand reclaimed from the sand settling lane of the farm's manure management system.In study 1, 23 Holstein calves and38 Jersey calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 bedding treatments(gravel, rubber mat, or sand).Data were collected for 6.5 to 10 weeks following birth,depending on when calves were weaned.In study 2, Cows (n =64) were divided into 8 groups of 8 cows with treatments imposed using a replicated crossover design with 7-d periods.Data loggers were used to measure daily lying time (h d-1), number of lying bouts (n d-1).In both studies, data were analyzed using mixed models in SAS.In study 1, there was a significant effect of breed for all response variables.Mean lying time, BW gain, or grain intake were not affected by treatment, week, or treatment × week interactions for Holstein and Jersey calves.In study 2, there were minor differences in overall lying times, less than 25 mind-1, with no other differences in lying behaviors.This suggests any of these beddings may be used without compromising the welfare of pre-weaned dairy calves or lactating cows.
机译：第一项研究的目的是确定垫料对用散布有砾石，橡胶垫或沙子的单个储藏的荷斯坦犊牛和泽西犊牛的行为和性能的影响。第二项研究评估晚期哺乳荷斯坦奶牛对奶牛的行为反应。两种类型的沙层：（1）新的干净沙粒或（2）从农场粪便管理系统的沙沉降通道中回收的沙粒。在研究1中，有23头荷斯坦犊牛和38头泽西犊牛被出生日期挡住并随机分配给3种床上用品处理中的1种（砾石，橡胶垫或沙子）。根据小牛断奶的时间，收集出生后6.5至10周的数据。在研究2中，将母牛（n = 64）分为8组，每组8只奶牛采用7天周期的交叉设计进行治疗，数据记录仪用于测量每日卧床时间（h d-1），卧床次数（n d-1）。在两项研究中，均使用SAS中的混合模型。在研究1中，品种对所有反应变量的诱变效果。荷斯坦牛犊和泽西犊牛的平均卧床时间，体重增加或谷物摄入量不受处理，每周或处理×周的相互作用的影响。在研究2中，总卧床时间存在细微差异，少于25人的心智1，躺在行为上没有其他差异。这表明可以使用这些被褥中的任何一个而不会损害断奶前的犊牛或泌乳牛的福利。

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