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首页> 外文会议>Annual Conference Nanotech and Biotech Convergence 2004 vol.3; 20040328-30; Cambridge,MA(US) >EXOSOMES: A COMPONENT OF NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR INTERCELLULAR MATERIAL DELIVERY
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EXOSOMES: A COMPONENT OF NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR INTERCELLULAR MATERIAL DELIVERY

机译：外显子：用于细胞间物质传递的自然纳米技术的组成部分

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Exosomes are small vesicles (50 to 90 nm in diameter). They are released by most animal cells from the late endosome compartment. Exosomes are made of a spherical lipid bilayer, highly enriched in cholesterol and specific glycolipids, which incorporates 400 to 600 protein molecules. The protein composition of exosomes varies with their cellular origin. The tetraspan proteins, present in large number in all exosomes, help in the formation of a highly stable (T_M > 70℃) core vesicle. Exosomes derived from Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) contain all the key molecules, such as MHC I/II, CD86, CD1 a,b,c,d , known to be involved in the triggering of both the adaptive and innate immune response. When released from an antigen loaded APC, exosomes transfer to other antigen unloaded APCs (naive APCs), peptide loaded MHC I/II and accessory molecules. After receiving this cargo, naive APCs become immediately competent for triggering an immune response. It is therefore now hypothesized that APC derived exosomes are involved in the control and amplification of the immune response. APC derived exosomes can efficiently be prepared ex vivo from the white blood cells of individuals and used as potent vaccine vehicles. Encouraging Phase I results have been seen in Melanoma and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer patients without adverse events. Although the properties of exosomes derived from other cell types are still mostly unknown, it is tempting to propose that exosomes could represent the device that will endow cells with the ability to quickly and efficiently exchange from a distance materials of importance, as seen for APC.
机译：外泌体是小囊泡（直径为50至90 nm）。大多数动物细胞从晚期内体隔室释放它们。外泌体由球形脂质双层制成，该脂质双层富含胆固醇和特定的糖脂，其中掺入了400至600个蛋白质分子。外泌体的蛋白质组成随其细胞起源而变化。在所有外泌体中都大量存在的四跨蛋白有助于形成高度稳定的（T_M> 70℃）核心囊泡。衍生自抗原呈递细胞（APC）的外泌体包含所有关键分子，例如MHC I / II，CD86，CD1a，b，c，d，已知与触发适应性免疫反应和先天性免疫反应有关。当从载有抗原的APC释放时，外泌体转移到其他载有抗原的APC（天然APC），载有肽的MHC I / II和辅助分子。收到这批货物后，幼稚的APC可立即具备触发免疫反应的能力。因此，现在假设APC衍生的外来体参与免疫应答的控制和扩增。可以从个体的白细胞离体有效地制备APC衍生的外来体，并用作有效的疫苗载体。在黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌患者中已观察到令人鼓舞的I期结果，而没有不良事件。尽管仍几乎不了解其他细胞类型衍生的外泌体的特性，但很诱人的建议是外泌体可以代表一种能够赋予细胞快速有效地从重要的远距离物质进行交换的能力的装置，如APC所见。

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