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ULTRASONIC ATTENUATION IN DUPLEX TITANIUM ALLOYS

机译:双钛合金的超声衰减

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It is well known that the microstructure can affect a propagating ultrasonic beam. For example, the microstructure can backscatter energy, creating noise which masks signals from small flaws. In addition, a flaw signal can be attenuated by absorption and scattering of energy. These effects can have deleterious effects on flaw detection and characterization. In addition, due to the link between backscattered grain noise, attenuation and the microstructure, measurement of these ultrasonic quantities can be used as accurate materials characterization tools if appropriate models exist. For example, Han and Thompson have modeled grain noise backscattered from elongated macrograins with duplex microstructures as is commonly found in titanium alloys, allowing the prediction of backscattered grain noise as a function of frequency. In principle, it should be possible to determine grain size and shape from an experimental measurement of backscattered grain noise using their theory. Theoretical models for attenuation have not reached the same level of capability for duplex microstructures. However, predictions for attenuation in materials consisting of equiaxed grains have been made successfully, notably by Papadakis, Goebbels, Stanke and Kino, and Hirsekorn. For elongated grains, progress has been made by Ahmed and Thompson and Munikoti by extending the model of Stanke and Kino. However, their results were applied to single phase materials containing cubic crystallites. Currently there is not a model known to the authors for attenuation in materials with duplex structures. As part of our goal to extend Stanke and Kino's unified theory for attenuation to propagation in duplex titanium alloys with elongated macrograins, this paper presents theoretical results for attenuation in Ti-6Al-4V composed of randomly oriented, single phase, elongated grains using a qualitative ray model and a general theory based on the work of Stanke and Kino. Both the ray model and the general theory predict an attenuation vs frequency whose anisotropy qualitatively agrees with experimental measurements.
机译:众所周知,微结构会影响传播的超声波束。例如,微结构可以使能量反向散射,从而产生噪声,从而掩盖了来自小缺陷的信号。另外,缺陷信号可以通过能量的吸收和散射而衰减。这些影响会对缺陷检测和表征产生有害影响。此外,由于反向散射的谷物噪声,衰减和微观结构之间的联系,如果存在适当的模型,则对这些超声量的测量可用作精确的材料表征工具。例如,Han和Thompson对钛合金中常见的具有双相微观结构的细长宏观晶粒反向散射的颗粒噪声进行了建模,从而可以预测反向散射的颗粒噪声随频率的变化。原则上,应该有可能使用其理论通过对背向散射颗粒噪声的实验测量来确定晶粒尺寸和形状。衰减的理论模型尚未达到双相微观结构的相同水平。但是,已经成功地做出了对等轴晶粒材料衰减的预测,尤其是帕帕达基斯(Papadakis),戈培尔(Goebbels),斯坦克(Stanke)和奇诺(Kino)以及希瑟肯恩(Hirsekorn)。对于细长谷物,艾哈迈德,汤普森和穆尼科蒂通过扩展Stanke和Kino的模型已经取得了进展。然而,他们的结果被应用于包含立方微晶的单相材料。对于作者来说,目前尚不知道用于双相结构材料衰减的模型。作为我们将Stanke和Kino的衰减统一理论扩展到具有长大晶粒的双相钛合金中传播的目标的一部分,本文介绍了定性方法对由随机取向的单相长晶粒组成的Ti-6Al-4V的衰减的理论结果射线模型和基于Stanke和Kino的工作的一般理论。射线模型和一般理论都预测了衰减与频率的关系,其各向异性在质量上与实验测量结果一致。

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