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首页> 外文会议>Asia Navigation Conference 2008 >Spectroscopic Analysis and Satellite Information Extraction of Oil Spill
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Spectroscopic Analysis and Satellite Information Extraction of Oil Spill

机译：溢油的光谱分析和卫星信息提取

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Oil is a chemically and physically hazardous substance and is particularly harmful to the marine and coastal environment,fouling marine wildlife and beaches.Because of its extensive monitoring area,and its capability to detect spectral characteristics of oil film,remote sensing becomes an important tool to monitor and manage oil spills.Based on many successful experiences in oil spills monitoring,methodologies to extract oil spills information is presented using AVHRR and TM data,and sensitivities of different bands to different oil types is showed.It is believed that it is possible to establish an oil spill monitoring network using satellite covering main sea area in China.With offshore oil exploration and oil transport increasing,petroleum products caused pollution become more serious.There are 1350 oil wells in the Bohai Sea.If considering oil wells in East China Sea and South China Sea,it poses great threat to marine ecological environment.In recent 30 years,there is one spill per 5 day,and 62 spills of over 50 tons,totaling 34189 tons in China.Oil spills are considered as one of the most severe ocean pollutions,which is characteristic of influencing large area,not easy to degradate,great duration,hard to cleaning up,and caused attention from world.On the other hand,China is the contracting state of International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness,Response and Co-operation,1990 (OPRC 1990),and assumes responsibility to fulfill convention.Because of its extensive monitoring area,and its capability to detect spectral characteristics of oil film,remote sensing becomes an important tool to monitor and manage oil spills [1-5].Since 1978,China began to monitor oil spill using remote sensing.Cai Ming-kun measured oil content in sea water using fluorescence spectrophotometer.In 1981,he monitored oil pollution in Dalian Bay using airborne remote sensing,and made semiquantitative study upon polluted sea water by density slicing.In 1985,Zheng Quan-an made many basic measurements of oil spectral characteristics using airborne video,closed circuit television,infrared scanner,and microwave imager[3,6].In this field,foreign countries began this study since 60s last century.United States established airborne oil spills monitoring system (AOSS) in 1974.In 1980,H.H White made many experiments on oil spectral characteristics using airborne and satellite remote sensing.In 1998,William,Y.Tseng monitored several oil pollutions,such as,Persia bay crude oil pollution,successfully using NOAA AVHRR and ERS-1 SAR.NOAA NESIDS proposed to establish NOAA satellite oil spill warning system in 1998[1].The study measured spectrums of several oil types in the field,and analyzed oil spectral characteristics.Based on 14 successful oil spills monitoring,methodology to extract oil spill is also presented.
机译：石油是一种化学和物理有害物质，对海洋和沿海环境，海洋海洋野生动植物和海滩特别有害。由于其广泛的监测范围以及检测油膜光谱特征的能力，遥感已成为重要的工具。监测和管理溢油事故。基于在溢油事故监测中的许多成功经验，使用AVHRR和TM数据提出了提取溢油事故信息的方法，并显示了不同波段对不同油品类型的敏感性。利用覆盖中国主要海域的卫星建立溢油监测网络。随着近海石油勘探和石油运输的增加，石油产品造成的污染变得更加严重。渤海有1350口油井。如果考虑东海的油井以及对南海的威胁，对海洋生态环境构成了巨大威胁。最近30年，每5天，超过50吨的62起溢油事件，在中国总计34189吨。溢油被认为是最严重的海洋污染之一，具有影响面积大，不易降解，持续时间长，难以清理的特点。另一方面，中国是1990年《国际油污防范，响应与合作公约》（OPRC 1990）的签约国，并承担起履行这一公约的责任。由于其具有检测油膜光谱特性的能力，因此遥感成为监测和管理溢油的重要工具[1-5]。自1978年以来，中国开始使用遥感监测溢油。蔡明坤测量油含量1981年，他通过机载遥感监测了大连湾的石油污染，并通过密度切片对污染的海水进行了半定量研究。1985年，郑泉安提出了许多基本方法。使用机载视频，闭路电视，红外扫描仪和微波成像仪测量油的光谱特性[3,6]。在这个领域，外国从上个世纪60年代就开始了这项研究。美国建立了机油泄漏监测系统（AOSS） 1974年。1980年，怀特（HH White）使用机载和卫星遥感技术进行了多次油光谱特性实验。1998年，曾荫权（William，T.Teng）监测了几种石油污染，例如波斯湾原油污染，成功使用NOAA AVHRR和ERS -1 SAR.NOAA NESIDS于1998年提出建立NOAA卫星溢油预警系统[1]。该研究对现场几种油类的光谱进行了测量，并分析了油的光谱特征。基于14次成功的溢油监测，方法学提取还介绍了漏油事件。

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