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首页> 外文会议>Asia's Largest Power Generation Conference and Exhibition Vol.2, Sep 22-24, 1999, Singapore >A GLOBAL REVIEW OF FLUE GAS CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY IN MEETING NEW PARTICULATE EMISSION REGULATIONS
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A GLOBAL REVIEW OF FLUE GAS CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY IN MEETING NEW PARTICULATE EMISSION REGULATIONS

机译：应对新的颗粒物排放法规的烟气调节技术全球回顾

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To comply with the new stringent particulate emission regulations for the coal fired Utility Industry, the required fly ash removal efficiency of ESPs can be in excess of 99.8 %. In addition, SO_2 and NOx emission regulations has led the industry to switch to firing low sulphur coal and employing Low NOx burners. The effect of reducing the sulphur level on ESP performance is well established, where increasing electrical resistivity of fly ash gives rise to back ionisation, which adversely effects precipitator efficiency. Low NOx burners tend to give rise to increased carbon carryover, which can result in carbon slippage causing severe rapping reentrainment losses. These effects can result in the emission increasing by up to a factor, even on a well designed and operated ESP. One way of minimising/overcoming these adverse effects is by the use of flue gas conditioning(FGC). The process involves injecting small concentrations of chemical(s) into the flue gas stream upstream of the ESP in order to modify the fly ash characteristics. This approach can consequently enhance the ESP performance to meet the new emision regulations, which eventually could be lower than the current 50 mg/Nm~3. Globally power plants with a total capacity in excess of 150,000 MW are already fitted with flue gas conditioning systems, consequently the technology is well understoood and proven. The paper explains the mechanism of FGC and reviews case histories on a world wide basis, particularly for coals from countries like India, Australia, etc., known to give rise to "difficult" fly ashes. It also examines the use of various chemicals and the forms of injection equipment and their effect on ESP performance improvement. In addition to reviewing the effect of flue gas conditioning in resolving poor ESP performance, as a result of coal switching and/or the carryover of carbon particles, the impact of FGC on the economics with respect to capital and O&M costs, as compared to a larger precipitator or extensions to an existing unit, are also examined. Where the ESP designer is faced with a coal that gives rise to a "difficult" fly ash, necessitating large and expensive ESPs, flue gas conditioning coupled with a smaller ESP is shown to be a cost effective and reliable solution.
机译：为了符合燃煤公用事业行业新的严格颗粒物排放法规，ESP所要求的粉煤灰去除效率必须超过99.8％。此外，SO_2和NOx排放法规已导致行业转向燃烧低硫煤并采用低NOx燃烧器。降低硫含量对ESP性能的影响已得到充分确立，其中提高粉煤灰的电阻率会引起反电离，这会对除尘器效率产生不利影响。低NOx燃烧器往往会导致碳残留增加，这可能导致碳打滑，从而导致严重的振打再夹带损失。即使在设计和运行良好的ESP上，这些影响也可能导致排放增加多达一个因素。减少/克服这些不利影响的一种方法是使用烟道气调节（FGC）。该过程涉及将少量浓度的化学物质注入ESP上游的烟气流中，以改变飞灰特性。因此，这种方法可以增强ESP性能，以满足新的法规要求，该法规最终可能低于当前的50 mg / Nm〜3。全球总容量超过150,000 MW的发电厂已经安装了烟气调节系统，因此该技术尚未得到充分理解和验证。该论文解释了FGC的机理，并在全球范围内回顾了案例历史，特别是对于来自印度，澳大利亚等国家的煤炭，这些案例已知会产生“难燃”的飞灰。它还检查了各种化学药品的使用和注射设备的形式，以及它们对ESP性能改进的影响。除了审查烟气调节对解决ESP性能不佳的影响（由于煤的转换和/或碳颗粒的结转）外，FGC在经济方面对资本和运维成本的影响与还检查了更大的除尘器或现有单元的扩展。如果ESP设计人员面对的是会产生“难燃”粉煤灰的煤，这就需要大型且昂贵的ESP，那么烟道气调节和较小的ESP结合在一起便是一种经济高效且可靠的解决方案。

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