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ASSESSMENT OF LAKE ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE TO TOXIC EVENTS WITH THE AQUATOX MODEL

机译:用Aquatox模型评估湖泊生态系统对有毒事件的响应

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摘要

The EPA aquatic ecosystem model AQUATOX can be used to describe food web dynamics and characterize bioaccumulation under the condition of a toxic event, such as a terrorist attack to a water system. AQUATOX predicts the partitioning of a toxicant among water, sediment, and biota, and includes processes of microbial degradation, photolysis, hydrolysis, and volatilization. The user will most likely be interested in the effects and recovery of two endpoints: fish biomass and bioaccumulation of the chemical in fish tissue. In general, a toxic event will result in a decrease in biomass and an increase in toxicant concentration in biota for a period of time, followed by recovery of both measures to their initial states. However, as illustrated by an example for Coralville Reservoir in Iowa, USA, the response depends on the several factors: the octanol-water partition coefficient of the toxicant, which determines the rate of bioaccumulation; the characteristics of the species present, where less sensitive species may actually increase due to a release from competition; and the time of year, since a spill in a high-flow season will have less effect on biota. For valued water resources, a parameterized and calibrated AQUATOX model could be a useful tool in the response to a toxic event.
机译:EPA水生生态系统模型AQUATOX可用于描述食物网动态并描述有毒事件(例如对水系统的恐怖袭击)条件下的生物蓄积。 AQUATOX预测有毒物质在水,沉积物和生物区系中的分配,并包括微生物降解,光解,水解和挥发的过程。用户很可能会对两个终点的影响和恢复感兴趣:鱼的生物量和鱼组织中化学物质的生物蓄积。通常,有毒事件会导致一段时间内生物量减少,生物区系中的毒物浓度增加,然后将这两种措施恢复到其初始状态。但是,如美国爱荷华州Coralville水库的一个例子所示,响应取决于以下几个因素:有毒物质的辛醇-水分配系数,它决定生物蓄积的速率;现有物种的特征,由于竞争的释放,敏感性较低的物种实际上可能增加;以及每年的时间,因为高流量季节的溢漏对生物群的影响较小。对于有价值的水资源,参数化和校准的AQUATOX模型可能是对有毒事件做出响应的有用工具。

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