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Identification of secondary aerosol formation in Bogota: a preliminary study

机译：波哥大二次气溶胶形成的鉴定：初步研究

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In order to increase the knowledge of the particle composition in Bogota, 70 samples of PM_(10) were collected during three months in an industrial and non-attainment PM_(10) area. The samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) using a Thermogravimetric Analysis technique and Thermal Optical Transmittance. Water soluble ions were determined using ion chromatography.The results show a large variation within all PM_(10)components. The carbonaceous fraction accounts for 10-60% of the total PM fraction. The OC/EC ratio varies between 0.2 and 2.2 showing a big proportion of organic carbon, sometimes over passed by the proportion of elemental carbon in the city. We found a very weak correlation between PM_(10) and the OC-EC fractions. We observed a good correlation between NH_4 and SO_4 and NH-4 and NO-3 which explains a secondary formation of aerosol in Bogota. Given the current sulfur content in diesel, the combustion conditions at high altitude and the presence of man-made agricultural sources around the city, we can expect the permanently presence of SO_2, NO_x, their atmospheric oxidation products, and NH_3 in Bogota's atmosphere.Our preliminary analysis of the PM_(10) composition in Bogota provides an indication of the sources of primary particles (automobiles, industry, unpaved roads) and also suggests that a large fraction of the mass is due to secondary aerosol formation which has not been widely pointed out in the city. While a large fraction of the coarse fraction may be controlled by strategies such as road paving, the reduction of PM_(2.5) will depend, at least in part, on identifying controls to reduce precursors to secondary aerosol formation. Formulating an effective strategy to do so will be more complex and requires further research.
机译：为了增加对波哥大颗粒组成的了解，在三个月内，在工业和未达标PM_（10）区域收集了70个PM_（10）样品。使用热重分析技术和热光透射率分析样品中的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）。使用离子色谱法测定水溶性离子，结果显示所有PM_（10）组分内的变化很大。碳质组分占总PM组分的10-60％。 OC / EC比率在0.2到2.2之间变化，表明有机碳比例很大，有时超过了城市中元素碳的比例。我们发现PM_（10）与OC-EC分数之间的相关性很弱。我们观察到NH_4和SO_4与NH-4和NO-3之间有很好的相关性，这说明了波哥大气溶胶的二次形成。考虑到柴油中当前的硫含量，高海拔地区的燃烧条件以及城市周围存在的人造农业资源，我们可以预期波哥大大气中将永久存在SO_2，NO_x，其大气氧化产物和NH_3。对波哥大PM_（10）成分的初步分析提供了主要颗粒物来源（汽车，工业，未铺砌的道路）的指示，并且还表明，大部分物质是由于次级气溶胶形成而引起的，目前尚未广泛指出在城市里。虽然可以通过诸如铺路之类的策略来控制大部分粗颗粒，但PM_（2.5）的降低至少部分取决于确定控制措施以减少二次气溶胶形成的前体。为此，制定有效的策略将更加复杂，需要进一步研究。

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