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首页> 外文会议>Bearing steel technology: Developments in rolling bearing steels and testing >Sub-Surface Initiated Rolling Contact Fatigue: Influence of Non-Metallic Inclusions, Processing History, and Operating Conditions
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Sub-Surface Initiated Rolling Contact Fatigue: Influence of Non-Metallic Inclusions, Processing History, and Operating Conditions

机译：子表面引发的滚动接触疲劳：非金属夹杂物，加工历史和操作条件的影响

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摘要

A number of competing failure mechanisms are involved in bearing failure initiation. For well manufactured bearings operating under clean and well controlled running conditions, sub-surface initiated fatigue is the classical initiation form. Three mechanisms dominate the concept of subsurface induced initiation and growth: (i) The well documented slow structural breakdown of the steel matrix due to accumulation of fatigue damage in a process superficially similar to tempering, (ii) stress induced generation of butterflies by a process enabling the growth of butterfly micro-cracks and accompanying wings at non-metallic inclusions, and (iii) surface induced hydrogen intrusion causing hydrogen-enhanced fatigue damage accumulation in the matrix. The development of butterflies as a function of contact stress, over-rolling, and non-metallic inclusion characteristics is presented, and the influence of metallurgical cleanliness and processing history on this progression is discussed. The results of laboratory conducted tests are compared to results from field applications where premature spallings have occurred. The progression from butterfly micro-cracks to extending cracks with non-etching borders has been studied. Special interest has been paid to the interaction between the non-metallic inclusion composition and morphology and their propensity to generate butterfly wing formations, as this may affect the way that inclusion harmfulness should be judged in rolling bearing steel quality assurance efforts. Complex oxy-sulfides are the main butterfly initiators in today's bearing steels.
机译：轴承失效引发涉及许多竞争性失效机制。对于在清洁和良好控制的运行条件下运行的制造精良的轴承而言，次表面引发疲劳是经典的引发形式。三种机制主导着地下诱导的萌芽和生长的概念：（i）在表面上类似于回火的过程中，由于疲劳损伤的积累而导致的钢基质缓慢结构破坏的文献充分记录；（ii）应力诱导的过程中蝴蝶的产生使非金属夹杂物上的蝴蝶微裂纹及其伴随的翅膀生长，并且（iii）表面诱导的氢入侵导致氢增强的疲劳损伤在基体中累积。提出了蝴蝶形作为接触应力，过度滚动和非金属夹杂物特性的函数的发展，并讨论了冶金清洁度和加工历史对这种进展的影响。将实验室进行的测试结果与发生过早剥落的现场应用结果进行比较。已经研究了从蝴蝶微裂纹到具有非蚀刻边界的扩展裂纹的发展。非金属夹杂物成分与形貌之间的相互作用及其产生蝴蝶翼形结构的倾向引起了特别关注，因为这可能会影响在滚动轴承钢质量保证工作中应判断夹杂物危害性的方式。复杂的氧硫化物是当今轴承钢中的主要蝶形引发剂。

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