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首页> 外文会议>CDS Report no.377; Western Dredging Association 24th Technical Conference and 36th Texas Aamp;M Dredging Seminar; 20040706-09; Orlando,FL(US) >SURVEYING AMAZON RIVER TRIBUTARIES FOR TUG AND BARGE NAVIGATION
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SURVEYING AMAZON RIVER TRIBUTARIES FOR TUG AND BARGE NAVIGATION

机译：拖拉和驳船导航调查亚马逊河三角洲

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The Amazon River system is the longest continuous navigable waterway in the world. Ocean-going vessels can navigate 3,700 km (2,300 miles) upriver as far as Iquitos, Peru. River tributaries upstream (south) of Iquitos are navigable, but only by shallow-draft tugs and barges. None of the rivers upstream of Iquitos have been surveyed, and a few have never been explored. The Peru Navy commissioned a hydrographic survey of the Amazon River system to create a new 2,000 km (1,250 mile) ship channel from Iquitos to the natural gas fields on the eastern flanks of the Andes Mountains. The hydrographic survey mapped the final 500 km (310 miles) of the longest continuous navigation channel on Earth and created electronic maps that allow shallow-draft tugs and barges to transport construction materials upriver during as much of the year as possible. The hydrographic survey was the first to map the lower Urubamba River, a major Amazon tributary. When combined with historical surveys completed further downstream, the survey completes man's 450-effort to chart the Amazon River system to its upstream limit of navigation. Accomplishing the survey objectives required overcoming numerous challenges, including: 1. Field Logistics: mobilize a survey vessel from 2,000 km (1,250 miles) away and support a survey crew for months on an uncharted river in a pristine rainforest. 2. Establish Benchmarks: No benchmarks exist in the Peruvian Amazon, so vertical control has to be brought in using a 2,317 km (1,440 mile) baseline and advanced GPS-techniques. 3. Monitor River Levels: A continuous, unbroken record of river levels must be collected along 500 km (310 miles) of river in order to correct soundings for changes in river levels. 4. Develop Vertical River Datum: An Extreme Low Water vertical datum is used to correct the soundings and reference the electronic charts to changing river levels. This paper describes the methods used to accomplish the hydrographic survey and summarizes the results.
机译：亚马逊河系统是世界上最长的连续航道。远洋船只可以航行到上游3700公里（2300英里），直到秘鲁伊基托斯。伊基托斯上游（南部）的河支流是通航的，但只能通过浅拖轮和驳船进行。伊基托斯（Iquitos）上游的河流均未进行过调查，也从未进行过探索。秘鲁海军委托对亚马逊河系统进行水文勘测，以建立一条从伊基托斯到安第斯山脉东侧天然气田的新的2,000公里（1,250英里）航道。水文调查绘制了地球上最长的连续导航通道的最后500公里（310英里），并创建了电子地图，允许浅拖轮和驳船在一年中的大部分时间里向上游运输建筑材料。该水文勘测是第一个绘制亚马逊主要支流乌鲁班巴河下游的地图。当结合历史调查在更下游完成时，该调查完成了人类的450次努力，将亚马逊河系统绘制到其上游航行极限。实现调查目标需要克服许多挑战，其中包括：1.现场物流：从2000公里（1,250英里）远处动员一艘调查船，并在原始雨林中一条未知的河流上为调查人员提供数月的支持。 2.建立基准：秘鲁亚马逊地区不存在基准，因此必须使用2317公里（1,440英里）的基准和先进的GPS技术引入垂直控制。 3.监测河流水位：必须在500公里（310英里）的河流上收集连续，连续的河流水位记录，以纠正因水位变化而引起的影响。 4.绘制垂直河流基准面：使用极低水位垂直基准面来校正测深并参考电子海图以适应不断变化的河流水位。本文介绍了用于完成水文调查的方法并总结了结果。

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