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首页> 外文会议>China International Silk Conference: Silk Road to the 21st Century Vol.1, 4th, May 14-16, 2000; May 18-19, 2000, Suzhou, Jiangsu; Yinchuan, Ningxia >Conservation of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) genetic resources in India
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Conservation of silkworm (Bombyx mori L) genetic resources in India

机译：印度蚕的遗传资源保护

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摘要

The Indian sub- continent has been known for a long time as a major centre of origin for diversity of several sericigenous insects. Both, rearing of silkworm and production of silk fabrics has been practiced for a long time. In India, all the four types of silk viz., mulberry, tasar (tropical and oak), eri and muga are cultured. Sericulture is practiced in diverse agro-climatic region which necessitates evolution of large number of region and season-specific breeds/hybrids to meet the region-specific needs. To achieve this task, a broad base genetic diversity is imperative. On the other hand, rapid replacement of traditional races by high yielding breeds/hybrids posed threat to the survival of large number of genotypes, which are the results of conscious or unconscious selection over a long period of time. Some of the old traditional races chotopolu and ancient breeds Ichot, Nishmo, Itan etc. are now extinct. The Central Silk Board, a government of India organisation, having the sole responsibility of providing research and development support to the silk industry, established Silkworm & Mulberry Germplasm Station during 1991 at Hosur, Tami Nadu to streamline the conservation of Silkworm genetic resources in India with a well defined man date. All over the world about 3700 silkworm genetic resources are available, of which 500 are represented in India and many of them are maintained either as duplicates or with different accession numbers. So far, SMGS has assembled 329 mulberry silkworm germplasm, which includes 56 multivoltine and 273 uni / bivoltine breeds representing 13 countries. The germplasm has been subjected to systematic characterisation and evaluation following the standard descriptor prepared on the basis of international norms. An ingenious silkworm Germplasm Information System (SGIS) has also been developed at SMGS for generation of a national database. The first volume of catalogue on 225 silkworm breeds has already been published and distributed to the users. The quarantine measures for import/export of germplasm is followed under a set of guidelines laid down for the purpose besides issuing the phytosanitory certificate. Development of a network for conservation of silkworm genetic resources vis-a-vis evaluation in different climatic conditions is under the process of implementation. In order to protect the breeders' right, registration of germplasm is being introduced. The Indian silkworm germplasm through rich in adaptability, suffers from many economic parameters. As such efforts were being directed towards procurement of valuable germplasm from sericulturally developed countries including Japan and China. Similarly a documentation system and data-base have been developed to provide better utilisation of resources.
机译：长期以来，印度次大陆被公认为几种自发性昆虫多样性的主要起源地。长期以来，养蚕和生产丝织物都是实践。在印度，所有四种类型的丝绸，桑树，塔萨尔（热带和橡树），eri和穆加都得到了养殖。蚕桑业在不同的农业气候地区进行，这就需要进化大量的地区和特定季节的品种/杂种来满足特定地区的需求。为了实现这一任务，必须有广泛的基础遗传多样性。另一方面，高产品种/杂种对传统种族的快速替代对大量基因型的生存构成了威胁，这是长期有意识或无意识选择的结果。现在一些古老的传统种族chotopolu和古老的品种Ichot，Nishmo，Itan等已经灭绝。中央丝绸委员会（Central Silk Board）是印度政府的组织，其唯一职责是为丝绸工业提供研究和开发支持。中央丝绸委员会于1991年在Tami Nadu的Hosur成立了蚕和桑树种质站，以简化印度的蚕遗传资源保护工作。明确定义的约会对象。全世界大约有3700种蚕遗传资源可用，其中500种在印度有代表，其中许多是重复的或具有不同的登录号。到目前为止，SMGS已组装了329种桑蚕种质，其中包括56个多伏特种和273个单/双伏特品种，分别代表13个国家。种质已经按照国际规范制定的标准描述符进行了系统表征和评估。 SMGS还开发了一种独创的蚕种质信息系统（SGIS），用于建立国家数据库。关于225个蚕种的第一本目录册已经出版并分发给用户。除签发植物检疫证书外，还根据为此目的制定的一套准则执行了进出口种质检疫措施。在不同气候条件下进行评估以评估家蚕遗传资源的网络正在实施中。为了保护育种者的权利，正在引入种质注册。印度蚕种质由于适应性强，遭受许多经济因素的困扰。因此，正努力从包括日本和中国在内的蚕业发达国家采购有价值的种质。同样，已经开发了文档系统和数据库以提供更好的资源利用。

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