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Pre-Thawing: From Mining to Civil Engineering, a Historical Perspective

机译：事前准备：从采矿到土木工程的历史视角

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Gold miners in the north were the first to develop the techniques for thawing permafrost. They first used fires and hot stones to thaw frozen ground, until steam thawing was discovered in 1898 by Clarence J. Berry. Then miners soon started experimenting with hot-water in place of the steam, however hot-water thawing was never widely used. Then in the late-1910's, cold-water thawing was introduced in two methods called the Miles Method and the Pearce Method. Both cold-water methods were much more economical and efficient compared to steam thawing. These Canadian and Alaskan thawing methods soon spread to Russia where they adapted and further developed it. The methods were also adapted for civil engineering work in northern regions. Today, these thawing methods are still used in construction and mining.
机译：北部的金矿商是第一个开发永久冻土融化技术的人。他们首先用火和热的石头解冻结冰的土地，直到1898年Clarence J. Berry发现蒸汽解冻。然后，矿工们很快开始用热水代替蒸汽进行试验，但是从未广泛使用热水解冻。然后在1910年代后期，采用了Miles法和Pearce法这两种方法引入了冷水解冻。与蒸汽解冻相比，两种冷水方法都更加经济和有效。这些加拿大和阿拉斯加的解冻方法很快传播到俄罗斯，在那里他们进行了适应和进一步开发。这些方法还适用于北部地区的土木工程工作。如今，这些解冻方法仍在建筑和采矿中使用。

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