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首页> 外文会议>Collaborative management of integrated watersheds >THE COLUMBIA RIVER TREATY: A MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCE COLLABORATION
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THE COLUMBIA RIVER TREATY: A MODEL FOR INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCE COLLABORATION

机译：哥伦比亚河条约：国际水资源合作的模型

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The Columbia River Treaty (Treaty) is an international Treaty established for the cooperative management of the Columbia River System in Canada and the United States. Since it was signed in 1961, the Treaty has served as an excellent example of international collaboration on water resource management. This paper will provide a brief background on the Treaty, describe the extensive international collaboration involved in managing the Columbia River System, and describe future strategies being developed for addressing changing conditions.rnThe headwaters of the Columbia River are in British Columbia (BC), but only about 15 percent of the 259,500 square miles of the Columbia River Basin is actually located in Canada. Yet the Canadian waters account for about 38 percent of the average annual volume, and up to 50 percent of the peak flood waters, that flow by The Dalles Dam on the lower Columbia River. In the 1940s, officials from the United States and Canada began a long process to seek a joint solution to the flooding caused by the Columbia River and to the postwar demand for greater energy resources. That effort culminated in the Columbia River Treaty, an international agreement between Canada and the United States for the cooperative development of water resources regulation in the upper Columbia River Basin. It was signed in 1961and implemented in 1964. The Treaty has served as a model of international cooperation since 1964, bringing significant flood risk management, power generation, and other benefits to both countries.rnSharing the benefits of cooperative water management was an integral principle in the Treaty's design. The principle applied in the Treaty was to share these benefits equally. Thus, for flood control, Canada was paid 50 percent of the value of U.S. flood damages prevented. In exchange for operating the Treaty storage projects for power, Canada also received an entitlement to one-half of the estimated additional downstream power benefits generated in the United States. Long and short-term plans are prepared each year by both countries in order to manage the river system in accordance with the Treaty and optimize the benefits for both countries.rnEither country can terminate most provisions of the Treaty any time on or after September 16, 2024, with a minimum of 10 years' written advance notice. The U.S. and Canada are conducting a multi-year effort to study options for managing the river if the Treaty were continued, modified, or terminated. These options, as well as the background and details of the treaty will be presented in this paper.
机译：哥伦比亚河条约（条约）是为加拿大和美国的哥伦比亚河系的合作管理而建立的国际条约。自1961年签署以来，该条约一直是水资源管理方面国际合作的典范。本文将提供有关该条约的简要背景，描述管理哥伦比亚河系统的广泛国际合作，并描述为应对不断变化的状况而制定的未来策略。哥伦比亚河的上游源头位于不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC），但哥伦比亚河盆地259,500平方英里中只有约15％实际上位于加拿大。然而，加拿大水仅占哥伦比亚河下游的达勒斯大坝（Dalles Dam）的年平均流量的约38％，占洪峰高峰流量的50％。在1940年代，美国和加拿大的官员开始了漫长的过程，以寻求共同解决哥伦比亚河造成的洪水和战后对更多能源的需求的共同解决方案。这项努力最终导致了《哥伦比亚河条约》，这是加拿大和美国之间为在哥伦比亚河上游流域合作开发水资源监管而达成的一项国际协议。该条约于1961年签署并于1964年实施。该条约自1964年以来一直是国际合作的典范，为两国带来了重大的洪水风险管理，发电和其他收益。条约的设计。该条约适用的原则是平等分享这些利益。因此，在防洪方面，加拿大获得了美国预防洪水损失价值的50％。为了以运营该条约的储能项目为交换，加拿大还获得了美国所产生的估计的额外下游电力收益的一半的权利。两国每年都要制定长期和短期计划，以便根据该条约管理河流系统并为两国带来最大利益。rn任何一个国家都可以在9月16日或之后的任何时间终止该条约的大多数规定。 2024年，至少提前10年发出书面预告。美国和加拿大正在进行一项为期多年的研究，研究如果该条约得以继续，修改或终止的话，该河流的管理方案。这些选择以及条约的背景和细节将在本文中介绍。

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