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首页> 外文会议>Conference on Active and passive smart structures and integrated systems; 20090309-12; San Diego, CA(US) >Thermal Energy Harvesting Between the Air/Water Interface for Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes
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Thermal Energy Harvesting Between the Air/Water Interface for Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes

机译：空气/水接口之间的热能收集为无线传感器节点供电

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摘要

Seventy percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water and all living things are dependent upon this resource. As such there are many applications for monitoring environmental data in and around aquatic environments. Wireless sensor networks are poised to revolutionise this process as the reduction in size and power consumption of electronics are opening up many new possibilities for these networks. Aquatic sensor nodes are usually battery powered, so as sensor networks increase in number and size, replacement of depleted batteries becomes time consuming, wasteful and in some cases unfeasible. Additionally, a battery that is large enough to last the life of a sensor node would dominate the overall size of the node, and thus would not be very attractive or practical. As a result, there is a clear need to explore novel alternatives to power sensor nodesetworks, as existing battery technology hinders the widespread deployment of these networks. By harvesting energy from their local environment, sensor networks can achieve much greater run-times, years not months, with potentially lower cost and weight. A potential renewable energy source in aquatic environments exists via the temperature gradient present between the water layer and ambient air. A body of water will be either a few degrees warmer or colder than the air directly above it dependant on its latitude, time of year and time of day. By incorporating a thermal energy harvesting device into the sensor node deployment which promotes the flow of heat energy across the thermal gradient, a portion of the energy flow can be converted into useable power for the sensor node. To further increase this temperature difference during the day the top section can be heated to temperatures above the ambient air temperature by absorbing the incoming sunlight. As an initial exploration into the potential of this novel power source we have developed a model of the process. By inputting environmental data, the model calculates the power which can be extracted by a thermal energy harvesting device. Initial outputs show a possibility of up to 10W/m~2 of power available from measured sites assuming a thermal energy harvester operating with Carnot efficiency.
机译：地球表面的百分之七十被水覆盖，所有生物都依赖于这种资源。因此，有许多应用程序可以监视水生环境中及其周围的环境数据。无线传感器网络势必将彻底改变这一过程，因为电子设备尺寸的减小和功耗的降低为这些网络打开了许多新的可能性。水生传感器节点通常由电池供电，因此，随着传感器网络数量和规模的增加，更换耗尽的电池变得费时，浪费并且在某些情况下不可行。另外，足够大以可持续传感器节点寿命的电池将支配该节点的整体尺寸，因此将不会非常吸引人或不实用。结果，由于现有的电池技术阻碍了这些传感器网络的广泛部署，因此迫切需要探索功率传感器节点/网络的新颖替代方案。通过从其本地环境中收集能量，传感器网络可以实现更长的运行时间（数年而不是数月），并且成本和重量可能更低。通过水层和周围空气之间存在的温度梯度，在水生环境中存在潜在的可再生能源。根据其纬度，一年中的时间和一天中的时间，水体的温度将比其正上方的空气高或低几度。通过将热能收集设备并入传感器节点部署中，该设备可以促进热能跨整个热梯度流动，一部分能量流可以转换为传感器节点的可用功率。为了进一步增加白天的温度差，可以通过吸收入射的阳光将顶部加热到高于周围空气温度的温度。作为对该新型电源潜力的初步探索，我们开发了该过程的模型。通过输入环境数据，该模型计算可以由热能收集设备提取的功率。假设热能采集器以卡诺效率运行，则初始输出显示从被测站点可获得高达10W / m〜2的功率。

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