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首页> 外文会议>Conference on First Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Situ Instruments Workshop Jun 11-13, 2002 Pasadena, California, USA >Electrolytic phase transformation actuators
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Electrolytic phase transformation actuators

机译：电解相变执行器

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The emerging field of materials-based actuation continues to be the focus of considerable research due to its inherent scalability and its promise to drive devices in ways that cannot be realized with conventional mechanical actuator strategies. Current approaches include electrochemically responsive conducting polymers, capacitance-driven carbon nanotube actuators, pH responsive hydrogels, ionic polymer metal composites, electric field responsive elastomers, and field-driven electrostrictive polymers. However, simple electrochemical processes that lead to phase transformations, particularly from liquid to gas, have been virtually ignored. Although a few specialized applications have been proposed, the nature of.the reactions and their implication for design, performance, and widespread applicability have not been addressed. Herein we report an electrolytic phase transformation (EFT) actuator, a device capable of producing strains surpassing 136,000% and stresses beyond 200 MPa. These performance characteristics are several orders of magnitude greater than those reported for other materials and could potentially compete with existing commercial hydraulic systems. Furthermore, unlike other materials-based systems that rely on bimorph structures to translate infinitesimally small volume changes into observable deflections, this device can direct all of its output towards linear motion. We show here that an unoptimized actuator prototype can produce volume and pressure changes close to the theoretically predicted values, with maximum stress (70 kPa) limited only by the mechanical strength of the apparatus. Expansion is very rapid and scales with applied current density. Retraction depends on the catalytic nature of the electrode, and state-of-the-art commercial fuel cell electrodes should allow rates surpassing 0.9 mL·s~(-1)·cm~(-2) and 370 kPa·s~(-1) · cm~(2). We anticipate that this approach will provide a new direction for producing scalable, low-weight, high performance actuators that will be useful in a broad range of applications.
机译：由于其固有的可扩展性和以传统机械执行器策略无法实现的方式来驱动设备，因此基于材料的执行器这一新兴领域仍然是大量研究的重点。当前的方法包括电化学响应性导电聚合物，电容驱动的碳纳米管致动器，pH响应水凝胶，离子聚合物金属复合材料，电场响应弹性体和场驱动电致伸缩聚合物。然而，导致相转变，特别是从液体到气体的相变的简单电化学过程实际上已被忽略。尽管已经提出了一些专门的应用，但是尚未解决反应的性质及其对设计，性能和广泛适用性的暗示。在这里，我们报告了一种电解相变（EFT）致动器，该器件能够产生超过136,000％的应变和超过200 MPa的应力。这些性能特征比其他材料报告的性能特征高几个数量级，并且可能与现有的商用液压系统竞争。此外，与其他依靠双压电晶片结构将无穷小的体积变化转化为可观察到的偏转的基于材料的系统不同，该设备可以将其所有输出导向线性运动。我们在这里表明，未经优化的执行器原型可以产生接近理论预测值的体积和压力变化，最大应力（70 kPa）仅受设备的机械强度限制。扩展非常迅速，并随着施加的电流密度而缩放。缩回取决于电极的催化性质，最先进的商用燃料电池电极应允许速率超过0.9 mL·s〜（-1）·cm〜（-2）和370 kPa·s〜（- 1）·cm〜（2）。我们预计，这种方法将为生产可扩展的，轻便的，高性能的执行器提供新的方向，这将在广泛的应用中有用。

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