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首页> 外文会议>Conference on People Shaping Places Shaping People; 2003; Minneapolis, Minnesota >Unintended Effects of Security Measures in Residential Environments
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Unintended Effects of Security Measures in Residential Environments

机译：居住环境中安全措施的意外影响

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Although the overall crime rate in the U.S. has declined over the last seven years, concern about crime has risen (National Crime Prevention Council 2001). Crime affects more than its direct victims, causing individuals to employ a variety of strategies to protect themselves such as restricting their spatial and temporal range and barricading themselves within their homes. Concern about crime is also manifested in architectural forms such as security grilles on windows and gated communities. Some of these architectural measures may serve to block out more than criminals. They may isolate individuals and inhibit public use of space. This research focuses on physical crime prevention measures at the residential level-both at the scale of the individual residence and that of the residential street-and examines whether specific security measures actually affect perceptions of safety and incidentally whether they affect other perceptions such as attractiveness and status. This study assumed that more obvious crime prevention measures may indicate an elevated crime rate. It was also assumed that crime prevention measures might affect other types of perceptions. This research builds upon previous studies in which elements of the built environment were found to affect perceptions. Appleyard and Craik (1980) found that window grilles, ostensibly used to prevent crime, were accurately judged by observers to predict residents' concern about crime. In some studies, symbolic or visually permeable barriers correlated with lower vulnerability ratings by burglars, whereas opaque barrier were associated with higher vulnerability. Researchers (Brown 1985 and Cromwell, Olson, and Avary 1983) point out that this is because although barriers such as solid wooden fences provide more of an obstacle to intruders, they also provide opportunities for concealment.
机译：尽管过去7年美国的总体犯罪率有所下降，但人们对犯罪的关注却有所增加（美国国家预防犯罪委员会，2001年）。犯罪不仅影响直接受害者，还导致个人采取多种策略保护自己，例如限制自己的时空范围和在自己的房屋内设置障碍。对犯罪的担忧也体现在建筑形式上，例如窗户和封闭式社区上的安全格栅。这些架构措施中的某些措施可能比罪犯更能阻止封锁。它们可能会隔离个人并抑制公共空间的使用。这项研究的重点是在住宅级别（无论是个人住宅规模还是住宅街道规模）的人身犯罪预防措施，并研究特定的安全措施是否实际上影响了对安全的看法，并偶然影响了其他看法，例如吸引力和安全性。状态。这项研究假设更明显的犯罪预防措施可能表明犯罪率上升。还假定预防犯罪措施可能会影响其他类型的看法。这项研究是在先前的研究基础上进行的，在这些研究中，发现建筑环境的要素会影响感知。 Appleyard和Craik（1980）发现，表面上用来预防犯罪的玻璃窗格栅是观察者准确判断的，以预测居民对犯罪的关注。在一些研究中，象征性或视觉上可渗透的障碍与窃贼的较低脆弱性等级相关，而不透明障碍与较高的脆弱性相关。研究人员（Brown 1985和Cromwell，Olson和Avary 1983）指出，这是因为尽管诸如实木围栏之类的障碍物对入侵者构成了更多障碍，但它们也提供了隐藏的机会。

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